{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:46:48Z","timestamp":1793321208556,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tumor budding (TB), defined as isolated single cells or small clusters of up to four tumor cells at the invasive front of colorectal carcinoma (CRC), is recognized as an important histopathologic marker associated with adverse tumor behavior. This review summarizes current knowledge on the morphologic assessment, biological significance, and clinical relevance of TB, emphasizing emerging artificial intelligence (AI) methods that aim to automate and standardize its quantification. Standardized reporting by the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) has improved reproducibility, while novel deep-learning algorithms demonstrate potential for objective and prognostically relevant TB assessment. Integration of AI-based TB evaluation with molecular and stromal biomarkers may refine patient stratification and facilitate personalized treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62040734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T11:38:26Z","timestamp":1776080306000},"page":"734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tumor Budding in Colorectal Carcinoma\u2014From Incidental Observation to Prognostic Marker: Lessons Learned from Colorectal Cancer Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Aminia Diana","family":"Ciob\u0103noiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin Titus","family":"Grigorean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"10th Clinical Department\u2014General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iancu Emil","family":"Ple\u015fea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Bagdasar\u2013Arseni Emergency Clinical Hospital, 041915 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2686-3878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u0103zvan Mihail","family":"Ple\u0219ea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"},{"name":"Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergency County Hospital Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anwar","family":"Erchid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5356","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol28060447","article-title":"Pathological features and prognostication in colorectal cancer","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. 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