{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:55:03Z","timestamp":1785412503665,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002623","name":"Kyungwoon University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002623","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/050384c29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of the abdominal draw-in maneuver (ADIM) and manual resistance (MR), applied independently and with simultaneous application during side-lying hip abduction (SHA). Muscle activation patterns were assessed using the electromyographic activity of the gluteus medius (GM), quadratus lumborum (QL), and internal oblique (IO), along with the GM\/QL ratio, and lumbopelvic control was assessed using lateral pelvic tilt (LPT). It was hypothesized that the simultaneous application of ADIM and MR during SHA would influence muscle activation patterns and lumbopelvic control compared to each intervention alone. Materials and Methods: Healthy young male participants (n = 22) performed SHA under three conditions: ADIM alone, MR alone, and ADIM with MR. Surface electromyography was used to measure muscle activity of the GM, QL, and IO. The GM\/QL activity ratio and LPT angle were also assessed to evaluate lumbopelvic control. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated-measures ANOVA (p &lt; 0.05). However, the findings may have limited generalizability to other populations. Results: The ADIM with MR condition significantly increased IO activity (p &lt; 0.05, dz = 1.07, 95% CI [54.65, 62.26]) and the GM\/QL ratio (p &lt; 0.05, dz = 0.87, 95% CI [1.42, 1.73]) while reducing QL activity (p &lt; 0.05, dz = \u22121.04, 95% CI [48.52, 56.24]) and lateral pelvic tilt compared to the MR condition (p &lt; 0.05, dz = \u22121.85, 95% CI [4.88, 6.06]). In addition, GM activity was significantly higher in the MR and ADIM with MR conditions than in the ADIM condition (p &lt; 0.05, \u03b7p2 = 0.812). Conclusions: The simultaneous application of ADIM and MR during SHA may enhance IO activation and the GM\/QL ratio while reducing compensatory LPT. However, these findings should be interpreted as acute experimental responses, and their clinical applicability remains to be determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62050927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T08:06:26Z","timestamp":1779696386000},"page":"927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of the Abdominal Draw-In Maneuver with Manual Resistance on Lumbopelvic Muscle Activity and Lateral Pelvic Tilt During Side-Lying Hip Abduction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5800-7956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health, Kyungwoon University, Gumi-si 39160, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung-Soo","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health, Kyungwoon University, Gumi-si 39160, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2024.03.007","article-title":"Gluteus medius muscle activity in patellofemoral pain syndrome during squats: A Systematic Review","volume":"40","author":"Syed","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez, S.D., and Vel\u00e1zquez Saornil, J. (2022). Effectiveness of Dry Needling and Ischemic Trigger Point Compression in the Gluteus Medius in Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Short-Term Clinical Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912468"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41311","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000041311","article-title":"Gluteus medius contracture: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"104","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769070-00010","article-title":"Anatomy of the abductor muscles of the hip as studied by computed tomography","volume":"69","author":"Clark","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2016-0088","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Rehabilitation Exercises to Progressively Load the Gluteus Medius","volume":"26","author":"Ebert","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sport Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-021-00638-3","article-title":"Clinical anatomy of the musculoskeletal system in the hip region","volume":"97","author":"Tsutsumi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anat. Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadler, S., Cassidy, S., Peterson, B., Spink, M., and Chuter, V. (2019). Gluteus medius muscle function in people with and without low back pain: A systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2833-4"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3109\/09593985.2011.604981","article-title":"A literature review of studies evaluating gluteus maximus and gluteus medius activation during rehabilitation exercises","volume":"28","author":"Reiman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiother. Theory Pract."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2020.01.013","article-title":"Gluteus medius dysfunction in females with chronic ankle instability is consistent at different walking speeds","volume":"73","author":"DeJong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.26603\/ijspt20200856","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of common therapeutic exercises that generate highest muscle activity in the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus segments","volume":"15","author":"Moore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.2796","article-title":"Gluteal muscle activation during common therapeutic exercises","volume":"39","author":"Distefano","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1054\/math.2000.0388","article-title":"Movement and stability dysfunction\u2013contemporary developments","volume":"6","author":"Comerford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Man. Ther."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.08.327","article-title":"Effects of lumbar stabilization using a pressure biofeedback unit on muscle activity and lateral pelvic tilt during hip abduction in sidelying","volume":"87","author":"Cynn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Sahrmann, S.A. (2002). Diagnosis Treatment Movement Impairment Syndrome, Mosby Inc."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Chaitow, L. (2001). Muscle Energy Techniques, Churchill Livingstone. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2010.05.009","article-title":"Effects of the pelvic compression belt on gluteus medius, quadratus lumborum, and lumbar multifidus activities during side-lying hip abduction","volume":"20","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. Off. J. Int. Soc. Electrophysiol. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3233\/IES-192194","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of the knee flexion and extension during side-lying hip abduction on the activity and onset time of the gluteus medius and quadratus lumborum","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Isokinet. Exerc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.1836102.051","article-title":"Effects of abdominal hollowing and abdominal bracing during side-lying hip abduction on the lateral rotation and muscle activity of the pelvis","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exerc. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2014.01.008","article-title":"Different hip rotations influence hip abductor muscles activity during isometric side-lying hip abduction in subjects with gluteus medius weakness","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. Off. J. Int. Soc. Electrophysiol. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, D.W., and Shin, Y.J. (2025). Effects of the Combined Abdominal Draw-In Maneuver and Manual Resistance on Lumbopelvic Muscle Activity and Anterior Pelvic Tilt During Prone Hip Extension. Bioengineering, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12111252"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2007.2435","article-title":"Effects of performing an abdominal drawing-in maneuver during prone hip extension exercises on hip and back extensor muscle activity and amount of anterior pelvic tilt","volume":"37","author":"Oh","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005644","article-title":"Feedforward contraction of transversus abdominis is not influenced by the direction of arm movement","volume":"114","author":"Hodges","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-002-1040-x","article-title":"Coexistence of stability and mobility in postural control: Evidence from postural compensation for respiration","volume":"144","author":"Hodges","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.10.014","article-title":"Quantification of lumbar stability by using 2 different abdominal activation strategies","volume":"88","author":"Grenier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2006.07.004","article-title":"Effects of abdominal stabilization maneuvers on the control of spine motion and stability against sudden trunk perturbations","volume":"17","author":"Elvira","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. Off. J. Int. Soc. Electrophysiol. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Kendall, F., McCreary, E., and Provance, P. (2005). Muscles: Testing and Function with Posture and Pain, Lippincott Williams & Wilkin."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Kisner, C., and Colby, L.A. (2012). Therapeutic Exercise: Foundations and Techniques, F.A. Davis Co.. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(00)00027-4","article-title":"Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures","volume":"10","author":"Hermens","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102453","article-title":"Feedforward activation of the quadratus lumborum during rapid shoulder joint abduction","volume":"54","author":"Oshikawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. Off. J. Int. Soc. Electrophysiol. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2006.36.1.19","article-title":"Lumbopelvic kinematics and trunk muscle activity during sitting on stable and unstable surfaces","volume":"36","author":"Dankaerts","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2016.5774","article-title":"Abdominal Bracing Increases Ground Reaction Forces and Reduces Knee and Hip Flexion During Landing","volume":"46","author":"Campbell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elgueta-Cancino, E., Evans, E., Martinez-Valdes, E., and Falla, D. (2022). The Effect of Resistance Training on Motor Unit Firing Properties: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Physiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.817631"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rong, W., Soh, K.G., Samsudin, S., Zhao, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, X., and Cao, L. (2025). Effect of resistance training on kinetic and kinematic indicators in jump athletes: A systematic review. BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-025-01249-5"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"102","article-title":"The Effect of Additional External Resistance on Inter-Set Changes in Abdominal Muscle Thickness during Bridging Exercise","volume":"19","author":"Dafkou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci. Med."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/62\/5\/927\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T04:13:35Z","timestamp":1779768815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/62\/5\/927"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina62050927"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina62050927","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]}}}