{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T09:08:03Z","timestamp":1779700083553,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Tuberous breast is a complex congenital deformity that requires correction of the underlying stenotic anatomy. Clinical evidence on the use of conical polyurethane implants in this setting is limited. To evaluate clinical outcomes and patient-reported satisfaction following correction of tuberous breast deformity using a standardized, implant-assisted reconstructive protocol with exclusive use of conical polyurethane implants. Materials and Methods: An ambispective study included 50 patients with tuberous breast deformity treated between 2020 and 2025 by two surgeons using a standardized implant-assisted reconstructive protocol. All patients underwent systematic glandular ring release and inframammary fold repositioning, followed by placement of conical polyurethane implants. Outcomes included complications, reoperations, and BREAST-Q Augmentation V2.0 scores. The mean follow-up was 17 months (range, 9\u201324 months). Results: The mean patient age was 29.8 years. According to the Grolleau classification, 62% of patients were type I, 30% type II, and 8% type III. The mean implant volume was 258.2 cc. Overall complication rate was 10%, including one case (2%) of capsular contracture secondary to infection, with a reoperation rate of 8%. Postoperative BREAST-Q scores showed high levels of patient satisfaction, with mean \u201csatisfaction with breasts\u201d scores of 90.1 \u00b1 11.9 and 92.0 \u00b1 9.7 at the first and second postoperative assessments, respectively. Conclusions: Within a standardized reconstructive protocol, conical polyurethane implants were associated with high postoperative patient satisfaction and acceptable complication rates during early-to-mid-term follow-up in the correction of tuberous breast deformity. These findings suggest that the use of conical polyurethane implants within a standardized reconstructive approach is feasible in selected cases. Further comparative studies with longer follow-up are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62050930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T08:06:26Z","timestamp":1779696386000},"page":"930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Conical Implants in Tuberous Breast Correction: Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1082-586X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Prieto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Nicol\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara Helena","family":"Barcaro Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Rio de Janeiro 22430-041, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)30232-7","article-title":"The Tuberous Breast","volume":"3","author":"Rees","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2015.06.004","article-title":"Surgical Strategies in the Correction of the Tuberous Breast","volume":"42","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000003630","article-title":"The Surgical Treatment of Tuberous Breast Deformity: A Review Article","volume":"91","author":"Makdessi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4708","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004708","article-title":"Tuberous Breast Management: A Review of Literature and Novel Technique Refinements","volume":"10","author":"Grella","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000823","article-title":"Tuberous Breast Deformity: Classification and Treatment Strategy for Improving Consistency in Aesthetic Correction","volume":"135","author":"Kolker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-015-0539-z","article-title":"Retro-Areola Distally Based Flap in the Management of the Full Expression of Tuberous Breast: A Simple Strategy to Resolve a Weak Point of the Deformity","volume":"39","author":"Innocenti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01977-8","article-title":"Circumlateral Vertical Augmentation Mastopexy for the Correction of Ptosis and Hypoplasia of the Lower Medial Quadrant in Tuberous Breast Deformity","volume":"45","author":"Zholtikov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2024.07.011","article-title":"The Different Surgical Strategies for Treating Tuberous Breast Deformity: A Scoping Review","volume":"42","author":"Cooreman","year":"2024","journal-title":"JPRAS Open"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-017-0902-3","article-title":"Management of Tuberous Breast Deformities: Review of Long-Term Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction with BREAST-Q","volume":"41","author":"Tenna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X10383397","article-title":"Aesthetic Reconstruction of the Tuberous Breast Deformity: A 10-Year Experience","volume":"30","author":"Mandrekas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aesthetic Surg. J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-021-02308-1","article-title":"Management of Nipple-Areola Deformity","volume":"45","author":"Andjelkov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-008-9234-7","article-title":"Management of Tuberous Breast Deformity with Anatomic Cohesive Silicone Gel Breast Implants","volume":"33","author":"Panchapakesan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199912000-00014","article-title":"Breast Base Anomalies: Treatment Strategy for Tuberous Breasts, Minor Deformities, and Asymmetry","volume":"104","author":"Grolleau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(96)90000-4","article-title":"The Tuberous Breast Deformity: Classification and Treatment","volume":"49","author":"Heimburg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2007.01.002","article-title":"The Tuberous Breast Revisited","volume":"60","author":"Pacifico","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthetic Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-017-0903-2","article-title":"Stenotic Breast Malformation and Its Reconstructive Surgical Correction: A New Concept from Minor Deformity to Tuberous Breast","volume":"41","author":"Klinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199801000-00008","article-title":"Tuberous Breast: A New Approach","volume":"101","author":"Ribeiro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01578320","article-title":"Augmenting the Narrow-Based Breast: The Unfurling Technique to Prevent the Double-Bubble Deformity","volume":"14","author":"Puckett","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-011-9686-z","article-title":"Treatment of Grade 3 Tuberous Breasts with Puckett\u2019s Technique (Modified) and Fat Grafting to Correct the Constricting Ring","volume":"35","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X13480641","article-title":"Tuberous Breast Correction by Fat Grafting","volume":"33","author":"Delay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aesthetic Surg. J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-012-9921-2","article-title":"Endoscopically Assisted Aesthetic Augmentation of Tuberous Breasts and Fat Grafting to Correct the Double Bubble","volume":"36","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy198","article-title":"Biological Morphogenetic Surgery: A Minimally Invasive Procedure to Address Different Biological Mechanisms","volume":"39","author":"Rigotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthetic Surg. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01578332","article-title":"A New Periareolar Mammaplasty: The \u201cRound Block\u201d Technique","volume":"14","author":"Benelli","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000251998.50345.e9","article-title":"The Interlocking Gore-Tex Suture for Control of Areolar Diameter and Shape","volume":"119","author":"Hammond","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2017.02.011","article-title":"Correction of Tuberous Breast Deformity: A Retrospective Study Comparing Lipofilling versus Breast Implant Augmentation","volume":"70","author":"Brault","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthetic Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"NP613","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjac044","article-title":"A Novel Approach for Tuberous Breast Correction Using Power-Assisted Liposuction, Loops, and Lipofilling (PALLL)","volume":"42","author":"Abboud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aesthetic Surg. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000001200","article-title":"Tuberous Breast: Past, Present, and Future: Personal Classification, Treatment, and Surgical Outcomes","volume":"80","author":"Innocenti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X13512855","article-title":"Conical Polyurethane Implants: An Uplifting Augmentation","volume":"33","author":"Georgeu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aesthetic Surg. J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2008.07.005","article-title":"Measuring Patient Outcomes in Breast Augmentation: Introducing the BREAST-Q Augmentation Module","volume":"36","author":"Pusic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003186","article-title":"Normative Data for Interpreting the BREAST-Q: Augmentation","volume":"139","author":"Mundy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2015.11.013","article-title":"The BREAST-Q in Surgical Research: A Review of the Literature 2009-2015","volume":"69","author":"Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthetic Surg."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-022-03089-x","article-title":"Tuberous Breast, Deformities, and Asymmetries: A Retrospective Analysis Comparing Fat Grafting versus Mastopexy and Breast Implants","volume":"47","author":"Gentile","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-009-9360-x","article-title":"Long-Term Safety and Effectiveness of Style 410 Highly Cohesive Silicone Breast Implants","volume":"33","author":"Bronz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-025-04714-1","article-title":"Constricted Lower Pole Breast Correction with High-Cohesivity Silicone Gel Anatomical Implant: Results from a 13-Year Single-Surgeon Experience","volume":"49","author":"Buccheri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2015.42.2.186","article-title":"Polyurethane-Coated Breast Implants Revisited: A 30-Year Follow-Up","volume":"42","author":"Castel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.01.013","article-title":"Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Polyurethane-Coated Compared with Textured Silicone Implants in Breast Surgery","volume":"69","author":"Duxbury","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthetic Surg."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001473","article-title":"Discussion: Anatomical and Round Implants: How to Select and Indications for Use","volume":"136","author":"Hidalgo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"413","article-title":"Round versus Anatomical Breast Implants: Algorithm for Choosing the Appropriate Form","volume":"30","author":"Franco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Cir. Pl\u00e1st."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/62\/5\/930\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T08:51:39Z","timestamp":1779699099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/62\/5\/930"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina62050930"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina62050930","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]}}}