{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T01:03:44Z","timestamp":1779671024768,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Tirbanibulin 1% ointment has demonstrated short-term efficacy and excellent tolerability in the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK) on the face and scalp. However, data on long-term efficacy are still lacking. Materials and Methods: This prospective, single-center, 12-month extension study included patients with facial and scalp AKs previously treated with tirbanibulin 1% ointment once daily for 5 consecutive days. Long-term analysis was restricted to lesions that had achieved complete clinical and dermoscopic clearance at the 2-month follow-up. At 12 months, the treated areas were reassessed clinically and dermoscopically. High-resolution images obtained at baseline, 2 months, and 12 months were compared lesion by lesion to distinguish sustained clearance, recurrence at the same anatomical site, and the development of new AKs within the treated field. Results: Thirty-seven patients were reassessed at 12 months. Of the 228 AKs treated at baseline, 116 lesions had achieved complete clearance at 2 months and were therefore eligible for long-term evaluation. At 1 year, 70\/116 lesions (60.3%) remained free of recurrence, whereas 46\/116 (39.7%) relapsed. Sustained clearance was observed in 35\/51 grade 1 lesions (68.6%), 32\/57 grade 2 lesions (56.1%), and 3\/8 grade 3 lesions (37.5%). In addition, 35 new AKs developed within the previously treated field. No delayed local or systemic adverse events and no progression to invasive cSCC were observed during follow-up. Patient-reported satisfaction was high, and 94% of patients stated they would be willing to repeat the treatment. Conclusions: Tirbanibulin was associated with sustained lesion clearance at one year, particularly in lower-grade AKs. While recurrence remains relatively common\u2014especially in thicker lesions\u2014the treatment was well tolerated and associated with no delayed adverse effects. Its short application regimen and excellent safety profile support tirbanibulin\u2019s role in the long-term management of field cancerization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62061012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:30:33Z","timestamp":1779669033000},"page":"1012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Tirbanibulin 1% Ointment for Actinic Keratosis at 1-Year Follow-Up: A Real-Life Extension Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6760-9468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Li Pomi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3787-5145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Vaccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelangelo","family":"Rottura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Irrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3515-8441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Borgia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19897","article-title":"European Consensus-based Interdisciplinary Guideline for Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Actinic Keratoses, Epithelial UV-induced Dysplasia and Field Cancerization on Behalf of European Association of Dermato-Oncology, European Dermatology Forum, European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology and Union of Medical Specialists (Union Europ\u00e9enne Des M\u00e9decins Sp\u00e9cialistes)","volume":"38","author":"Kandolf","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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