{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T11:13:03Z","timestamp":1780053183092,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Early identification and referral for intervention of former premature infants at risk of neurodevelopmental impairment is considered a standard of care. The main purpose of this review was to assess the optimal timing of the first visit in a neurodevelopmental follow-up programme in order to identify at-risk infants in a timely and reliable manner. Materials and Methods: We considered three possible moments for the first evaluation: before 37 weeks postmenstrual age, at Term Equivalent Age (TEA, also known as 40 weeks postmenstrual age) and at 3\u20135 months corrected age (CA). A structured scoping review, informed by PRISMA-ScR principles, was performed. We searched PubMed\/MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, and Scopus from database inception through March 2026, combined with a Wohlin-type snowballing strategy. Two assessment techniques were evaluated: the Amiel\u2013Tison neurological examination of the newborn and infant, and the General Movements Assessment (GMA). We collected data on sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values at each of the three moments, and reviewed whether early intervention was associated with improved prognosis. Results: Intervention initiated before 12 months of age was associated with improved cognitive and motor outcomes in infancy compared with standard care; an additional benefit was observed when intervention started before discharge, particularly for cognitive outcomes in infancy. Both examinations showed very good specificity and negative predictive value at all three evaluation moments, consistent with their shared optimality concept. Sensitivity and specificity increased with the infant\u2019s age. At each moment, the examinations identified (i) a high-risk group clearly requiring early intervention, (ii) a \u201cgrey zone\u201d with uncertain evolution requiring closer surveillance, and (iii) a normal group with a very low risk of adverse outcomes. Combining two examination techniques at the same visit consistently improved discriminative and predictive performance. Conclusions: Evaluation at TEA alone may be too early because some abnormal findings normalize by 3 months CA, yet also too late for the most severely affected infants, who may manifest abnormal signs before term. We propose a stratified approach, with repeated evaluations using both the Amiel\u2013Tison examination and GMA at 35\u201337 weeks postmenstrual age, at TEA, and at 3\u20135 months CA, in order to progressively identify infants at risk and refer them to appropriate early intervention. This proposal requires validation through prospective, well-designed research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62061052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T10:06:56Z","timestamp":1780049216000},"page":"1052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neurologic Evaluation of Premature Infants at Term Equivalent Age: Too Early or Too Late? A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9225-9558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian Ioan","family":"Toma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Memorial Hospital, 010719 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University Titu Maiorescu, 040441 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5969-9205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlad","family":"Dima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Department, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011132 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Corina","family":"Zaharie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea","family":"Necula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Memorial Hospital, 010719 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University Titu Maiorescu, 040441 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Pavalache Stoiciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Memorial Hospital, 010719 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University Titu Maiorescu, 040441 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anca Roxana","family":"Bivoleanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Cuza Vod\u0103, 700038 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gardner, S.L., Carter, B.S., Enzman-Hines, M., and Hernandez, J.A. 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