{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:06:50Z","timestamp":1785424010605,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003052","name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy, MOTIE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20023168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20023168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["20023168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20023168"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/008nkqk13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, MSIT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2025-02216928"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-02216928"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS-2025-02216928"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-02216928"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wpjm123","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block is a promising alternative intervention for cervical radicular pain. However, factors associated with treatment responses remain unknown. This single-center, retrospective study aimed to identify clinical and radiological factors associated with treatment response to stellate ganglion block in patients with cervical radicular pain. Materials and Methods: This study included patients with cervical radicular pain who underwent ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block. Successful response was defined as a \u22654-point or \u226550% reduction in the numerical rating scale score at 3 months post-procedure compared with the pre-procedural baseline. Patients who did not meet these criteria or underwent additional interventional procedures for persistent cervical radicular pain within 3 months were classified as unsuccessful responders. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with treatment response. Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that substantial cervical multifidus fatty degeneration, defined as Goutallier grade \u22652 of the cervical multifidus muscles (vs. minimal fatty degeneration, odds ratio (OR) 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08\u20130.66, p = 0.007) and bony hypertrophy at the uncovertebral or facet joint as the primary etiology of foraminal stenosis (vs. disc herniation, OR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.14\u20130.87, p = 0.024) were independently associated with lower odds of a successful response to stellate ganglion block. Steroid use was not significantly associated with treatment response (OR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.18\u20131.49, p = 0.223). The successful response rate declined progressively with the number of risk factors: 94.7% (18\/19), 50.0% (22\/44), and 40.7% (11\/27) for zero, one, and two factors, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Substantial cervical multifidus fatty degeneration and foraminal stenosis attributable to bony hypertrophy may be associated with lower odds of a successful response to stellate ganglion block in patients with cervical radicular pain. These factors require prospective validation before routine clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62061097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T08:43:04Z","timestamp":1780648984000},"page":"1097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cervical Multifidus Fatty Degeneration and Bony Foraminal Stenosis Are Associated with Unsuccessful Response to Stellate Ganglion Block in Cervical Radicular Pain: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5688-4181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Jung","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5905-6875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daeyun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8155-6953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin Wook","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7461-0305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-Seok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4773-2738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Woo","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2333-0235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong-Soo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3875-0857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doo-Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5038-0203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chan-Sik","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.13252","article-title":"2. 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