{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T16:08:01Z","timestamp":1784650081641,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency in children. The standard of care has been appendectomy for many years. However, in recent years, studies investigating antibiotic therapy alone have increased rapidly, suggesting that non-operative management may be an effective alternative with a lower risk of complications. In this study, we compared two antibiotic regimens (ceftazidime\/metronidazole and ampicillin\/metronidazole) to evaluate the effectiveness of two antibacterial strategies. Materials and Methods: A total of 41 children aged 7\u201318 years were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups, with the follow-up conducted over one year to assess recurrence. For the evaluation of antibiotic effectiveness, inflammation was assessed using leukocyte count, C-reactive protein, and the biomarkers IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1, which were measured on each of the three days of inpatient antibiotic therapy. Results: Analysis of the collected data revealed no statistically significant difference in inflammatory markers between the two treatment groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest that both antibiotic regimens offer comparable clinical outcomes and may be used interchangeably in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62071399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:47:32Z","timestamp":1784508452000},"page":"1399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Two Antibiotic Combinations for Conservative Treatment of Non-Complicated Appendicitis in Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5765-8207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohit","family":"Kakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children\u2019s Clinical University Hospital, Vienibas Gatve, 45, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Iela, 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5784-8493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgijs","family":"Kulibaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Iela, 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5809-007X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahraa","family":"Merchant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Iela, 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astra","family":"Zviedre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Iela, 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4115-4340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timurs","family":"Zurmutai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children\u2019s Clinical University Hospital, Vienibas Gatve, 45, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Iela, 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9108-5753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lasma","family":"Asare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Unit, Riga Stradins University, Balozu Iela 14 A, LV-1046 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9446-0558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peteris","family":"Tretjakovs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Iela, 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8749-751X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnis","family":"Engelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children\u2019s Clinical University Hospital, Vienibas Gatve, 45, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Iela, 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aigars","family":"Petersons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Iela, 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02420-6","article-title":"Appendicectomy versus antibiotics for acute uncomplicated appendicitis in children: An open-label, international, multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial","volume":"405","author":"Peter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gassur.2024.101935","article-title":"The incidence and temporal trend of appendicitis in children: An analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"29","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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