{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T09:46:24Z","timestamp":1785923184500,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Relapsed\/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (R\/R NHL) remains a major therapeutic challenge, particularly in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL), who frequently exhibit poor responses to salvage therapy and inferior survival outcomes. Achieving adequate disease control before autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a critical determinant of long-term survival. The bendamustine, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and prednisolone (BEGEV) regimen has demonstrated high efficacy and favorable tolerability in relapsed\/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma; however, data regarding its role in NHL are extremely limited. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single-center analysis of patients with R\/R NHL who received the BEGEV regimen as salvage therapy. Clinical characteristics, response rates, transplantation outcomes, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety data were evaluated. Treatment responses were assessed according to standard radiologic response criteria. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan\u2013Meier method. Results: A total of 68 patients with R\/R NHL were included in the analysis. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the predominant histological subtype, accounting for 49 patients (72.1%). BEGEV was administered predominantly in later salvage settings. Response assessments were available for 56 patients. Among evaluable patients, the objective response rate (ORR) was 73.2%, whereas the ITT ORR was 60.3% (41\/68). Following BEGEV therapy, 25 patients (36.8%) proceeded to autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), while 8 patients (11.8%) underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Exploratory analyses demonstrated longer overall survival (log-rank p = 0.012) and progression-free survival (log-rank p = 0.011) among patients who subsequently underwent transplantation; however, these findings should be interpreted with caution because of the retrospective study design and the potential for selection and immortal time biases. Median PFS and OS were 4 and 26 months, respectively. Adverse events were predominantly hematologic and generally manageable. Conclusions: BEGEV may represent a reasonable salvage regimen for selected patients with R\/R NHL and may facilitate disease control allowing subsequent transplantation in selected patients, including selected PTCL patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62081502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T08:14:46Z","timestamp":1785917686000},"page":"1502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["BEGEV as Salvage Therapy in Relapsed\/Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Real-World Outcomes and Transplantation Feasibility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4288-6370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozlem","family":"Candan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences,  34303 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5295-5804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basak","family":"Buyukkurkcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Ac\u0131badem University Atakent Hospital, 34303 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Karti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Ac\u0131badem University Atakent Hospital, 34303 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1381-4188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant","family":"Uzay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Ac\u0131badem University Atakent Hospital, 34303 Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512073332305","article-title":"Autologous bone marrow transplantation as compared with salvage chemotherapy in relapses of chemotherapy-sensitive non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"333","author":"Philip","year":"1995","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4184","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.28.1618","article-title":"Salvage regimens with autologous transplantation for relapsed large B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era","volume":"28","author":"Gisselbrecht","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Prognostic value of FDG-PET prior to autologous stem cell transplantation for relapsed and refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"125","author":"Sauter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood J. Am. Soc. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3490","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.53.9593","article-title":"Randomized comparison of gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin versus dexamethasone, cytarabine, and cisplatin chemotherapy before autologous stem-cell transplantation for relapsed and refractory aggressive lymphomas: NCIC-CTG LY. 12","volume":"32","author":"Crump","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.5603\/ahp.108476","article-title":"Progress in the diagnosis and treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma\u2014State of the art","volume":"56","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Haematol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.44.7524","article-title":"Survival of patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma after first relapse or progression: Spectrum of disease and rare long-term survivors","volume":"31","author":"Mak","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023021789","article-title":"Current and upcoming treatment approaches to common subtypes of PTCL (PTCL, NOS; ALCL; and TFHs)","volume":"144","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.66.4466","article-title":"Bendamustine in combination with gemcitabine and vinorelbine is an effective regimen as induction chemotherapy before autologous stem-cell transplantation for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: Final results of a multicenter phase II study","volume":"34","author":"Santoro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.43.7285","article-title":"Results from a prospective, open-label, phase II trial of bendamustine in refractory or relapsed T-cell lymphomas: The BENTLY trial","volume":"31","author":"Damaj","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.46.5203","article-title":"Multicenter phase II study of bendamustine plus rituximab in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"31","author":"Ohmachi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.54.8800","article-title":"Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: The Lugano classification","volume":"32","author":"Cheson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20406207221103321","DOI":"10.1177\/20406207221103321","article-title":"Current options and future perspectives in the treatment of patients with relapsed\/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"13","author":"Frontzek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2025.2604300","article-title":"Real-world treatment patterns and characteristics of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): A retrospective analysis of US commercial and Medicare claims (2017\u20132024)","volume":"67","author":"Phillips","year":"2026","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2025.2599994","article-title":"Management of relapsed\/refractory DLBCL in the era of novel agents and new approaches","volume":"67","author":"Gong","year":"2026","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-022-03955-w","article-title":"BEGEV salvage regimen in relapsed\/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma: A real-life experience","volume":"149","author":"Stefoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2022.1658","article-title":"Efficacy of salvage treatments in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res. Treat. Off. J. Korean Cancer Assoc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005794","article-title":"Polatuzumab vedotin plus bendamustine and rituximab in relapsed\/refractory DLBCL: Survival update and new extension cohort data","volume":"6","author":"Sehn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17808","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6412","article-title":"Clinical outcomes in transplant-eligible patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after second-line salvage chemotherapy: A retrospective study","volume":"12","author":"Yagi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-1061","article-title":"Bendamustine (Treanda\u00ae) displays a distinct pattern of cytotoxicity and unique mechanistic features compared with other alkylating agents","volume":"14","author":"Leoni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"3","article-title":"Gemcitabine: Metabolism, mechanisms of action, and self-potentiation","volume":"22","author":"Plunkett","year":"1995","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-022-03394-w","article-title":"Prognostic value of pre-transplantation total metabolic tumor volume on 18fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography\u2013computed tomography in relapsed and refractory aggressive lymphoma","volume":"116","author":"Sugio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015142556","article-title":"Prognostic value of FDG PET\/CT before allogeneic and autologous stem cell transplantation for aggressive lymphoma","volume":"277","author":"Ulaner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.186577","article-title":"The outcome of peripheral T-cell lymphoma patients failing first-line therapy: A report from the prospective, International T-Cell Project","volume":"103","author":"Bellei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2022.10.003","article-title":"Impact of implementing a bendamustine-based conditioning regimen on outcomes of autologous stem cell transplantation in lymphoma while novel cellular therapies emerge","volume":"29","author":"Lachance","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transplant. Cell. Ther."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-013-1879-x","article-title":"Bendamustine combined with rituximab for patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma","volume":"93","author":"Vacirca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."}],"container-title":["Medicina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/62\/8\/1502\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T09:12:00Z","timestamp":1785921120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1648-9144\/62\/8\/1502"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["medicina62081502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina62081502","relation":{},"ISSN":["1648-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1648-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]}}}