{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:29:23Z","timestamp":1786123763167,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The optimal role of postoperative radiotherapy and the prognostic factors influencing outcomes in patients with WHO grade 2 meningioma remain controversial. This study evaluated survival outcomes, local control, treatment-related toxicity, and prognostic factors in patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 50 consecutive adult patients with histologically confirmed WHO grade 2 meningioma who underwent surgical resection followed by radiotherapy between 2013 and 2024. Overall survival (OS) and local control (LC) were estimated using the Kaplan\u2013Meier method, and median follow-up was calculated using the reverse Kaplan\u2013Meier method. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors associated with OS, while univariable analyses were performed for LC. Results: The reverse Kaplan\u2013Meier median follow-up was 20.9 months (95% CI, 13.2\u201334.8). During follow-up, 10 patients died and 7 developed local recurrence. Median OS was 59.3 months (95% CI, 49.9 months\u2013not estimable). The estimated 2- and 5-year OS rates were 85.0% and 44.8%, respectively, while the corresponding LC rates were both 76.2%. Increasing age and larger tumor size were independently associated with worse OS. All deaths and all local recurrences occurred in patients with postoperative residual disease. Acute adverse events were limited to Grade 1\u20132 toxicity, and no Grade \u22653 acute or late toxicities were observed. Conclusions: Postoperative radiotherapy achieved favorable local control with an acceptable safety profile in patients with WHO grade 2 meningioma. Postoperative residual disease was strongly associated with adverse clinical outcomes, while increasing age and larger tumor size were independently associated with worse overall survival. These findings support the importance of maximal safe resection, careful postoperative risk stratification, and individualized multidisciplinary treatment planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62081523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:00:43Z","timestamp":1786118443000},"page":"1523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Outcomes of Radiotherapy for WHO Grade 2 Meningioma: Survival, Local Control, and Prognostic Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Rah\u015fan","family":"Habibo\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0649-115X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130lknur F.","family":"Kayal\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7385-3480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonca","family":"Alt\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131k \u0130nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University Faculty of Medicine, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130pek P\u0131nar","family":"Aral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University Faculty of Medicine, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6615-9714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sedef","family":"G\u00f6khan A\u00e7\u0131kg\u00f6z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130rem","family":"Sar\u0131canbaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binnur","family":"Dadak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merve","family":"Ert\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y\u0131lmaz","family":"Tezcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University Faculty of Medicine, 06800 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","article-title":"The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: A summary","volume":"23","author":"Louis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab150","article-title":"EANO guideline on the diagnosis and management of meningiomas","volume":"23","author":"Goldbrunner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1997.86.5.0793","article-title":"Long-term prognosis for atypical and malignant meningiomas: A study of 71 surgical cases","volume":"86","author":"Palma","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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