{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T09:12:25Z","timestamp":1788772345834,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek Science Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicina"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: The rehabilitation of the atrophic posterior maxilla with pterygoid implant presents a significant challenge due to complex regional anatomy and limited visual access. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of a dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery system (dCAIS) for pterygoid implant placement in fully and partially edentulous maxillae using radiographic marker registration (RMR) and markerless tracing registration (MTR), respectively. Materials and Methods: Forty pterygoid implants were retrospectively evaluated in 40 patients, divided into two groups: fully edentulous (n = 20) and partially edentulous (n = 20). Implant placement was performed using a dynamic navigation system (dCAIS), utilizing either bone-anchored mini-screws or tooth-surface tracing as reference points. Accuracy was assessed by superimposing preoperative plans with postoperative cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) scans. Coronal, apical, and angular deviations were measured and analyzed using the Data Science Workbench (version 14). The level of statistical significance was set at \u03b1 = 0.05 (two-tailed). Results: The mean deviations for fully and partially edentulous maxillae measured 1.24 \u00b1 0.27 mm and 1.40 \u00b1 0.27 mm at the coronal level (p = 0.065), 1.30 \u00b1 0.49 mm and 1.30 \u00b1 0.54 at the apical level (p = 0.995), and 0.72 \u00b1 0.38\u00b0 and 0.82 \u00b1 0.43\u00b0 in angular deviation (p = 0.560), respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups. Notably, mean angular deviation was remarkably low (&lt;1\u00b0) in both groups. Conclusions: No statistically significant between-group differences in accuracy were detected in coronal, apical, and angular deviations between the markerless tracing registration method in partially edentulous patients and the bone-anchored radiographic marker registration method in fully edentulous patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62091710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T08:07:06Z","timestamp":1788768426000},"page":"1710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Accuracy of Dynamic Computer-Assisted Surgery for Pterygoid Implant Placement in Fully and Partially Edentulous Maxillae: A Retrospective Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Luka","family":"Pliveli\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health of Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ivica","family":"Dubravica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polyclinic Dubravica, 22211 Vodice, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7690-4896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Zajc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduli\u0107eva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Av. Gojka \u0160u\u0161ka 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6602-2972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlatka","family":"Debeljak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health of Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Kre\u0161imirova 40, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"},{"name":"Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Kre\u0161imirova 40, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2618-2263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Zulijani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health of Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Kre\u0161imirova 40, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(84)90008-9","article-title":"An experimental and clinical study of osseointegrated implants penetrating the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus","volume":"42","author":"Adell","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. 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