{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T11:22:02Z","timestamp":1762082522152,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The prevention of preterm delivery (PTD) represents one of the major topics in modern obstetrics. The aim was to design a prospective study and investigate if mid-trimester serum and amniotic fluid levels of MCP-1 could predict the occurence of spontaneous PTD. Methods: The study involved 198 women who underwent genetic amniocentesis and blood sampling in the middle of their trimester. After applying the criteria for inclusion in the study, there were 16 respondents in the study group, and 38 respondents in the control group. Level of MCP-1 in amniotic fluid and serum was measured with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and statistical analysis was conducted. Results:\u00a0There was no statistically significant difference in serum or amniotic fluid MCP1 levels between PTD and the control groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that MCP-1 is probably not the most relevant marker for predicting PTD. This study provides new normative data for MCP-1 levels in amniotic fluid and maternal sera and is a valuable tool for future diagnostic and comparative studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines10010007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T04:07:09Z","timestamp":1672632429000},"page":"7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Prospective Study of Mid-Trimester MCP-1 Levels as a Predictor of Preterm Delivery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2967-3060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirjana A.","family":"Bogavac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dejan D.","family":"\u0106eli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0727-9281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara M.","family":"Peri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"},{"name":"PHI Hospital \u201cSveti Vra\u010devi\u201d, Srpske Vojske 53, 76300 Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ple\u0107a\u0161, D., Stanimirovi\u0107, B., Stankovi\u0107, A., and Vasiljevi\u0107, M. (2006). Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsgi.2005.09.001","article-title":"Intrauterine infection, preterm labour and cytokines","volume":"12","author":"Romero","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Soc. Gynecol. Invest."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2010.11.003","article-title":"Pharmacological inhibition of inflammatory pathways for the prevention of preterm birth","volume":"88","author":"Keelan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-4666(93)90027-3","article-title":"Elevation of amniotic fluid IL-6, IL-8 and granulocyte stimulating factor in term and preterm parturition","volume":"5","author":"Saito","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"766","article-title":"Inflammatory Proteins in the Amniotic Fluid, Plasma, and Cervicovaginal Fluid for the Prediction of Intra-amniotic Infection\/Inflammation and Imminent Preterm Birth in Preterm Labor","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2009.115","article-title":"Serum proinflammatory cytokine\u2014Interleukin-8 as possible infection site marker in preterm deliveries","volume":"37","author":"Bogavac","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Per. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"543","article-title":"Maternal serum interleukin 6, interlukin 8, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma in preterm labour","volume":"82","author":"Bahar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Obs. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00940.x","article-title":"Amniotic Fluid Interleukin-1 Beta and Interleukin-6, but not Interleukin-8 Correlate with Microbial Invasion of the Amniotic Cavity in Preterm Labor","volume":"65","author":"Marconi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.01120.x","article-title":"The preterm parturition syndrome","volume":"113","author":"Romero","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S261","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90715-7","article-title":"Two thirds of sponatenous abortion\/fetal deaths after genetic amniocentesis are the result of a pre-existing subclinical inflammatory process of the amniotic cavity","volume":"172","author":"Romero","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.10008","article-title":"Intrauterine infection and prematurity","volume":"8","author":"Goncalves","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/0891693031000067331","article-title":"Placental trophoblast and endothelial cells as target of maternal immune response","volume":"36","author":"Bulla","year":"2003","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6155","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0507","article-title":"Identification of Chemokines Important for Leukocyte Recruitment to the Human Endometrium at the Times of Embryo Implantation and Menstruation","volume":"89","author":"Jones","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2795(199701)46:1<62::AID-MRD10>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Relative role of CSF-1, MCP-1\/JE, and RANTES in macrophage recruitment during successful pregnancy","volume":"46","author":"Wood","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23471","article-title":"Chemokines and inflammation in osteoarthritis: Insights from patients and animal models","volume":"35","author":"Scanzello","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000163017.13772.3a","article-title":"CCL2\/Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 regulates inflammatory responses critical to healing myocardial infarcts","volume":"96","author":"Dewald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep011","article-title":"Endometrial secretion analysis identifies a cytokine profile predictive of pregnancy in IVF","volume":"24","author":"Boomsma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719115597761","article-title":"Cytokine Profiling in the Eutopic Endometrium of Adenomyosis During the Implantation Window After Ovarian Stimulation","volume":"23","author":"Zhihong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.02923.x","article-title":"Novel biomarkers for the prediction of the spontaneous preterm birth phenotype: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Papageorghiou","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"S190","article-title":"511: Inflammatory cytokines and spontaneous preterm birth in asymptomatic women: A systematic review","volume":"201","author":"Wei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2004.09.012","article-title":"Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression is increased in human gestational tissues during term and preterm labor","volume":"26","author":"Esplin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.6.713","article-title":"Absence of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 in Mice Leads to Decreased Local Macrophage Recruitment and Antigen-Specific T Helper Cell Type 1 Immune Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis","volume":"193","author":"Huang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.06.009","article-title":"Differences in amniotic fluid and maternal serum cytokine levels in early midtrimester women without evidence of infection","volume":"44","author":"Chow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.02.007","article-title":"Detection of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity by analysis of cervicovaginal proteins in women with preterm labor and intact membranes","volume":"212","author":"Combs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.02.049","article-title":"Development and validation of a multivariable prediction model of spontaneous preterm delivery and microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in women with preterm labor","volume":"223","author":"Cobo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/jmf.14.1.51.56","article-title":"Amniotic fluid levels of immunoreactive monocyte chemotactic protein-1 increase during term parturition","volume":"14","author":"Esplin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Matern. -Fetal Neonatal. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"436","article-title":"Expression of serum MCP-1, sTNFR-I, HMGB1 and TNF-\u03b1 expression in women with infective premature delivery","volume":"29","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nosocomiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00594-5","article-title":"Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in cervical and amniotic fluid: Relationship to microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, intra-amniotic inflammation, and preterm delivery","volume":"189","author":"Jacobsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."}],"container-title":["Medicines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2305-6320\/10\/1\/7\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:48:32Z","timestamp":1760147312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2305-6320\/10\/1\/7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["medicines10010007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicines10010007","relation":{},"ISSN":["2305-6320"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2305-6320"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]}}}