{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:24:38Z","timestamp":1790871878922,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. A particular concern is the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains among neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Two novel beta-lactam\/beta-lactamase inhibitors have recently been approved for use in neonates with multidrug-resistant infections: ceftazidime\/avibactam and ceftolozane\/tazobactam. These agents demonstrate efficacy against a range of multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, as well as multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This narrative review aims to summarize the current knowledge concerning the utilization of ceftazidime\/avibactam and ceftolozane\/tazobactam in the NICU. According to the existing literature, both agents have been shown to be highly effective with a favorable safety profile in the neonatal population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines12030017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T05:53:13Z","timestamp":1750917193000},"page":"17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Sepsis in Neonates: The Special Role of Ceftazidime\/Avibactam and Ceftolozane\/Tazobactam"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Niki","family":"Dermitzaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0967-8673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Foteini","family":"Balomenou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5422-3988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios","family":"Serbis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Atzemoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lida","family":"Giaprou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Baltogianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Giapros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators (2018). 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