{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T19:40:46Z","timestamp":1793907646256,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":314,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The amide functional group remains a cornerstone of medicinal chemistry, serving as an indispensable scaffold in the design of modern therapeutics. This review presents an analysis of FDA-approved drugs (small molecules and peptides with MW &lt; 1300 Da) containing amide functionality between 2021 and 2025, highlighting its continued and evolving role in addressing contemporary medical challenges. An analysis of these novel therapeutics reveals the remarkable functional versatility of the amide bond. In antiviral agents like nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid\u00ae), amides form the structural backbone of peptidomimetics, enabling high-affinity binding to a viral protease. In precision oncology, as seen with adagrasib (Krazati\u00ae), the amide acts as a critical, metabolically stable linker that positions a covalent warhead for selective inhibition of a mutant kinase. This analysis underscores that amide\u2019s unique combination of planarity, resonance stabilization, and capacity for robust hydrogen bonding continues to make it an essential element in the medicinal chemist\u2019s toolkit, underpinning the development of next-generation therapeutics across oncology, infectious diseases, and neurology. To provide a practical framework for drug discovery, the synthetic routes for each drug are detailed, with particular emphasis placed on the key amide-forming strategies employed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines13030022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:00:32Z","timestamp":1783436432000},"page":"22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["FDA-Approved Drugs Containing Amide Functionality in the Last Five Years (2021\u20132025): Pharmaceutical Use, Trends and Synthetic Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Davide","family":"Benedetto Tiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Logic Gates, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trechm.2020.08.001","article-title":"Amide Bond Activation: The Power of Resonance","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-01967-9","article-title":"Identification and Characterization of Piperine Synthase from Black Pepper, Piper nigrum L.","volume":"4","author":"Schnabel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medidd.2020.100027","article-title":"Piperine: A Comprehensive Review of Methods of Isolation, Purification, and Biological Properties","volume":"7","author":"Tiwari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.116034","article-title":"Capsaicin from Chili Peppers and Its Analogues and Their Valued Applications: An Updated Literature Review","volume":"208","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s43014-025-00321-4","article-title":"Capsaicin: An in-Depth Review of Its Chemical Properties, Health Benefits, and Challenges in Food Applications","volume":"7","author":"Jayan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Prod. Process. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3446","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules14093446","article-title":"The Vitamin Nicotinamide: Translating Nutrition into Clinical Care","volume":"14","author":"Maiese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camillo, L., Zavattaro, E., and Savoia, P. (2025). Nicotinamide: A Multifaceted Molecule in Skin Health and Beyond. Medicina, 61.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61020254"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1039\/B701677H","article-title":"Amide Bond Formation: Beyond the Myth of Coupling Reagents","volume":"38","author":"Valeur","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vassilev, N.G., and Ivanov, I.C. (2023). A Small Change in Structure, a Big Change in Flexibility. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28248004"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahesh, S., Tang, K.-C., and Raj, M. (2018). Amide Bond Activation of Biological Molecules. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23102615"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5629","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eraf379","article-title":"Peptides: Powerful, Pervasive, and Full of Potential","volume":"76","author":"Kearly","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.09.006","article-title":"Hallmarks of the Metabolic Secretome","volume":"35","author":"Reghupaty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480200515","article-title":"Proctolin: A Review with Emphasis on Insects","volume":"20","author":"Orchard","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/10409238909082550","article-title":"Tuftsin: Its Chemistry, Biology, and Clinical Potentia","volume":"24","author":"Fridkin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.04.011","article-title":"The Physiology and Pharmacology of Oxytocin in Labor and in the Peripartum Period","volume":"230","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freo, U., Ruocco, C., Valerio, A., Scagnol, I., and Nisoli, E. (2021). Paracetamol: A Review of Guideline Recommendations. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10153420"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S393809","article-title":"An Updated Review on the Metabolite (AM404)-Mediated Central Mechanism of Action of Paracetamol (Acetaminophen): Experimental Evidence and Potential Clinical Impact","volume":"16","author":"Mallet","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2019.1702296","article-title":"Utility of Lidocaine as a Topical Analgesic and Improvements in Patch Delivery Systems","volume":"132","author":"Gudin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Karunarathna, I., Hapuarachchi, T., Gunasena, P., Ekanayake, U., Rajapaksha, S., Gunawardana, K., Aluthge, P., Bandara, S., Jayawardana, A., and De Alvis, K. (2026, May 02). Amoxicillin in the Management of Common Bacterial Infections: A Clinical Overview. Available online: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/383230032_Amoxicillin_in_the_Management_of_Common_Bacterial_Infections_A_Clinical_Overview?channel=doi&linkId=66c37a735f116e7c5306c5b6&showFulltext=true."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dodd-Butera, T., and Broderick, M. (2005). Diazepam. Encyclopedia of Toxicology, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-12-369400-0\/00303-3"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198020060-00001","article-title":"Captopril: A Preliminary Review of Its Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Efficacy","volume":"20","author":"Heel","year":"1980","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2026, May 02). Pubmed Search, Available online: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=amide+bond&filter=years.2000-2026."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2958","DOI":"10.1039\/D3GC00456B","article-title":"Biocatalytic Amide Bond Formation","volume":"25","author":"Lubberink","year":"2023","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202102708","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202102708","article-title":"Amide Bonds Meet Flow Chemistry: A Journey into Methodologies and Sustainable Evolution","volume":"15","author":"Alfano","year":"2022","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2018.01.008","article-title":"Enzymatic Amidation for Industrial Applications","volume":"43","author":"Dorr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"(2026, May 02). Drug Containing Amide, Available online: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=drug+containing+amide&filter=years.2000-2026."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"(2026, January 25). A Perspective of the Amide Group Containing FDA Approved Anticancer Drugs from 2021\u20132022 (A Review)|Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry|Springer Nature Link. Available online: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1134\/S1068162023060018."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De La Torre, B.G., and Albericio, F. (2025). The Pharmaceutical Industry in 2024: An Analysis of the FDA Drug Approvals from the Perspective of Molecules. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202501.0253.v1"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-23-467","article-title":"Pafolacianine, the Magic Wand of Intraoperative Imaging of Folate-Receptor Positive Ovarian Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Gul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dindere, M.E., Tanca, A., Rusu, M., Liehn, E.A., and Bucur, O. (2022). Intraoperative Tumor Detection Using Pafolacianine. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232112842"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2023.02.025","article-title":"Pafolacianine for Intraoperative Molecular Imaging of Cancer in the Lung: The ELUCIDATE Trial","volume":"166","author":"Sarkaria","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Q., Han, J., Sorochinsky, A., Landa, A., Butler, G., and Soloshonok, V.A. (2022). The Latest FDA-Approved Pharmaceuticals Containing Fragments of Tailor-Made Amino Acids and Fluorine. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15080999"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4266","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-1086","article-title":"FDA Approval Summary: Asciminib for Ph+ CML in Chronic Phase Treated with Two or More Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and for the T315I Mutation","volume":"30","author":"Pamuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01662-3","article-title":"Asciminib: First Approval","volume":"82","author":"Deeks","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-024-01428-6","article-title":"Clinical Pharmacology of Asciminib: A Review","volume":"63","author":"Hoch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-03759-7","article-title":"Therapeutic Positioning of Asciminib in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Previously Treated with Multiple Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Qatar","volume":"16","author":"Ghasoub","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuzikiewicz, A., Wawrzyniak, W., Kutner, A., and \u017bo\u0142ek, T. (2026). Advances in Targeting BCR-ABLT315I Mutation with Imatinib Derivatives and Hybrid Anti-Leukemic Molecules. Molecules, 31.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31020341"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8120","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.8b01040","article-title":"Discovery of Asciminib (ABL001), an Allosteric Inhibitor of the Tyrosine Kinase Activity of BCR-ABL1","volume":"61","author":"Schoepfer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1254\/fpj.22161","article-title":"Pharmacological and Clinical Profiles of Avacopan (TAVNEOS\u00ae Capsule), a Selective C5a Receptor Antagonist","volume":"158","author":"Maruyama","year":"2023","journal-title":"Folia Pharmacol. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01643-6","article-title":"Avacopan: First Approval","volume":"82","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13707","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13707","article-title":"Atogepant: Mechanism of Action, Clinical and Translational Science","volume":"17","author":"Boinpally","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1358\/dof.2020.45.5.3123467","article-title":"Atogepant. Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Receptor Antagonist, Preventive Treatment of Migraine","volume":"45","author":"Martelletti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs Future"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S348724","article-title":"Role of Atogepant in the Treatment of Episodic Migraines: Clinical Perspectives and Considerations","volume":"18","author":"Cohen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther. Clin. Risk Manag."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035908","article-title":"Atogepant for the Preventive Treatment of Migraine","volume":"385","author":"Ailani","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-022-02952-5","article-title":"Discovery of Mobocertinib, a New Irreversible Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Indicated for the Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Harboring EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-2072","article-title":"FDA Approval Summary: Mobocertinib for Metastatic Non\u2013Small Cell Lung Cancer with EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations","volume":"29","author":"Duke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-1598","article-title":"Activity and Safety of Mobocertinib (TAK-788) in Previously Treated Non\u2013Small Cell Lung Cancer with EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations from a Phase I\/II Trial","volume":"11","author":"Riely","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"100145","article-title":"Response to Mobocertinib in a Patient with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring EGFR Exon 20 Insertion after Several Therapies Including Amivantamab","volume":"5","author":"Berlinches","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cancer Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.100596","article-title":"Food and Drug Administration Approval Summary: Odevixibat (Bylvay) for the Treatment of Pruritus with Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis","volume":"4","author":"Yi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastro Hep Adv."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marx, M., Hartleif, S., Hilberath, J., Berg, C.P., Tsiflikas, I., Singer, S., and Sturm, E. (2024). Practical Considerations for Odevixibat Treatment in Patients with Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis: A Single-Center Case Series. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13247508"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00093-0","article-title":"Odevixibat Treatment in Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial","volume":"7","author":"Thompson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-4176","article-title":"FDA Approval Summary: Belumosudil for Adult and Pediatric Patients 12 Years and Older with Chronic GvHD after Two or More Prior Lines of Systemic Therapy","volume":"28","author":"Przepiorka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"103343","article-title":"Belumosudil with ROCK-2 Inhibition: Chemical and Therapeutic Development to FDA Approval for the Treatment of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease","volume":"70","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20406207251367462","DOI":"10.1177\/20406207251367462","article-title":"ROCK 2 Inhibition with Belumosudil for the Treatment of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease: A Narrative Review","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-024-02507-9","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of the ROCK-2-Inhibitor Belumosudil in cGvHD Treatment\u2014A Retrospective, German-Swiss Multicenter Real-World Data Analysis","volume":"60","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rathje, K., Gagelmann, N., Heidenreich, S., Richter, J., Marquard, F.E., Massoud, R., Klyuchnikov, E., Lueck, C., Rudolph, I., and Ayuk, F. (2025). Belumosudil for Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Transplant. Cell. Ther., 32.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2025.11.019"},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"(2012). Belumosudil. LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Kim, E., Cole, B., Sweetnam, P., and Wong, E. (2012). Metabolic Inhibitors. (WO2012040499)."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2025845","article-title":"Effect of Finerenone on Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"383","author":"Bakris","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haq, N., Uppal, P., Abedin, T., and Lala, A. (2025). Finerenone: Potential Clinical Application Across the Spectrum of Cardiovascular Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease. J. Clin. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14093213"},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Ruan, S., Zhang, W., Yan, G., and Zhang, X. (2023). Synthesis Method for Finerenone and Intermediate Thereof. (WO2023109968)."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.104115","article-title":"Samidorphan\/Olanzapine Combination Therapy for Schizophrenia: Efficacy, Tolerance and Adverse Outcomes of Regimen, Evidence-Based Review of Clinical Trials","volume":"79","author":"Rehan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280211070330","article-title":"Olanzapine\/Samidorphan: New Drug Approved for Treating Bipolar I Disorder and Schizophrenia","volume":"56","author":"Monahan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"(2024). Samidorphan: Synthesis and Introduction, ChemicalBook Inc.. Available online: https:\/\/www.chemicalbook.com\/article\/samidorphan-synthesis-and-introduction.htm."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01574-2","article-title":"Sotorasib: First Approval","volume":"81","author":"Blair","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/14796694.2024.2430172","article-title":"Sotorasib for the Treatment of Locally Advanced\/Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2021.122718","article-title":"Quantification of KRAS Inhibitor Sotorasib in Mouse Plasma and Tissue Homogenates Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry","volume":"1174","author":"Retmana","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1720181","article-title":"Synthesis of Sotorasib","volume":"17","author":"Kocienski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Synfacts"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-021-00548-0","article-title":"Piflufolastat F 18: Diagnostic First Approval","volume":"25","author":"Keam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2022.2081155","article-title":"Piflufolastat F-18 (18F-DCFPyL) for PSMA PET Imaging in Prostate Cancer","volume":"22","author":"Voter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anticancer. Ther."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basuli, F., Phelps, T.E., Zhang, X., Woodroofe, C.C., Roy, J., Choyke, P.L., Swenson, R.E., and Jagoda, E.M. (2022). Fluorine-18 Labeled Urea-Based Ligands Targeting Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) with Increased Tumor and Decreased Renal Uptake. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15050597"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benedetto Tiz, D., Bagnoli, L., Rosati, O., Marini, F., Sancineto, L., and Santi, C. (2022). New Halogen-Containing Drugs Approved by FDA in 2021: An Overview on Their Syntheses and Pharmaceutical Use. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27051643"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2021.0077","article-title":"A Randomized, Controlled Laboratory Classroom Study of Serdexmethylphenidate and d-Methylphenidate Capsules in Children with Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder","volume":"31","author":"Kollins","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Child. Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"appi.pn.2021.5.7","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.pn.2021.5.7","article-title":"Med Check: Qelbree and ADHD; Lacmital and Heart Disease; FDA and Atogepant; Azstarys and ADHD; FDA and CBD; Daridorexant and Insonnia","volume":"56","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatr. News"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2022.0015","article-title":"Dose Proportionality and Steady-State Pharmacokinetics of Serdexmethylphenidate\/Dexmethylphenidate, a Novel Prodrug Combination to Treat Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder","volume":"32","author":"Braeckman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13911","article-title":"Effects of Extended-Release Methylphenidate on Dopamine and Norepinephrine Transporters in Adults with Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Longitudinal Dual-Tracer PET Study","volume":"80","author":"Oya","year":"2026","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01522-0","article-title":"Melphalan Flufenamide (Melflufen): First Approval","volume":"81","author":"Dhillon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.02259","article-title":"Melflufen and Dexamethasone in Heavily Pretreated Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma","volume":"39","author":"Richardson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2022.101374","article-title":"The Approval and Withdrawal of Melphalan Flufenamide (Melflufen): Implications for the State of the FDA","volume":"18","author":"Olivier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2022.114898","article-title":"New Drug Approvals for 2021: Synthesis and Clinical Applications","volume":"245","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benedetto Tiz, D., Rosati, O., and Sancineto, L. (2025). Sulfur- and Phosphorus-Containing FDA Approved Drugs in the Last Five Years (2020\u20132024): A Journey among Small Molecules. Phosphorus Sulfur. Silicon Relat. Elem., 1\u201339.","DOI":"10.1080\/10426507.2025.2496521"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01508-y","article-title":"Trilaciclib: First Approval","volume":"81","author":"Dhillon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_83","unstructured":"FDA (2021). New Oncology Drugs\/Indications Approved by the FDA: Cosela First CDK4\/6 Inhibitor FDA Approved to Reduce Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression. J. Hematol. Oncol. Pharm., 11, 105\u2013109."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-024-03288-y","article-title":"A Review of Trilaciclib, a First-in-Class Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4\/6 Inhibitor, for the Management of Metastatic Small-Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"33","author":"Patel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2022.100449","article-title":"Tepotinib for Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutations","volume":"7","author":"Dziadziuszko","year":"2022","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2004407","article-title":"Tepotinib in Non\u2013Small-Cell Lung Cancer with MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutations","volume":"383","author":"Paik","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-22-0537","article-title":"The Preclinical Pharmacology of Tepotinib\u2014A Highly Selective MET Inhibitor with Activity in Tumors Harboring MET Alterations","volume":"22","author":"Albers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ji, M., Ganesan, S., Xia, B., and Huo, Y. (2025). Targeting C-MET Alterations in Cancer: A Review of Genetic Drivers and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17091493"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01488-z","article-title":"Voclosporin: First Approval","volume":"81","author":"Heo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42858","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000042858","article-title":"Voclosporin: A Comprehensive Review of Its Role as a Novel Calcineurin Inhibitor in the Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"104","author":"Ashinze","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kale, A., Shelke, V., Lei, Y., Gaikwad, A.B., and Anders, H.-J. (2023). Voclosporin: Unique Chemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicity Profile, and Possible Options for Implementation into the Management of Lupus Nephritis. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12202440"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00578-X","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Voclosporin versus Placebo for Lupus Nephritis (AURORA 1): A Double-Blind, Randomised, Multicentre, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial","volume":"397","author":"Rovin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2017.09.010","article-title":"Calcineurin Inhibitors in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"31","author":"Mok","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2022.2081153","article-title":"Cabotegravir\/Rilpivirine: The Last FDA-Approved Drug to Treat HIV","volume":"20","author":"Taki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"key":"ref_95","unstructured":"McGowan, J.P., Vail, R.M., Shah, S.S., Fine, S.M., Merrick, S.T., Radix, A.E., Rodrigues, J., Hoffmann, C.J., Norton, B.L., and Gonzalez, C.J. (2025). Use of Injectable CAB\/RPV LA as Replacement ART in Virally Suppressed Adults, Johns Hopkins University. New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute Clinical Guidelines."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2020.06.003","article-title":"Structural Biology of HIV Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors","volume":"41","author":"Passos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7181","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201802256","article-title":"7-Step Flow Synthesis of the HIV Integrase Inhibitor Dolutegravir","volume":"57","author":"Ziegler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_98","unstructured":"(2012). Difelikefalin. LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0072","DOI":"10.1097\/itx.0000000000000072","article-title":"Kappa Opioid Agonists in the Treatment of Itch: Just Scratching the Surface?","volume":"8","author":"Beck","year":"2023","journal-title":"Itch"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.0c00287","article-title":"Discovery of SHR0687, a Highly Potent and Peripheral Nervous System-Restricted KOR Agonist","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_101","unstructured":"(2024). Difelikefalin: Synthesis and Introduction, ChemicalBook Inc.. Available online: https:\/\/www.chemicalbook.com\/article\/difelikefalin-synthesis-and-introduction.htm."},{"key":"ref_102","unstructured":"PharmaVoice (2026, February 02). FDA\u2019s 2022 Drug Approvals Fall Short of Recent Norms. Available online: https:\/\/www.pharmavoice.com\/news\/FDA-2022-drug-approvals-fell-by-the-numbers\/640690\/."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4027","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-23-1042","article-title":"FDA Approval Summary: Futibatinib for Unresectable Advanced or Metastatic, Chemotherapy Refractory Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 Fusions or Other Rearrangements","volume":"29","author":"Gandhy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.3c00006","article-title":"Discovery of Futibatinib: The First Covalent FGFR Kinase Inhibitor in Clinical Use","volume":"14","author":"Ito","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benedetto Tiz, D., Bagnoli, L., Rosati, O., Marini, F., Santi, C., and Sancineto, L. (2022). FDA-Approved Small Molecules in 2022: Clinical Uses and Their Synthesis. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14112538"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-2196","article-title":"FDA Approval Summary: Olutasidenib for Adult Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia with an Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Mutation","volume":"31","author":"Woods","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2024.2354486","article-title":"Olutasidenib: A Novel Mutant IDH1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"17","author":"Cortes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-024-01264-7","article-title":"Looking Beyond the Surface: Olutasidenib and Ivosidenib for Treatment of mIDH1 Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"25","author":"Watts","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Oncol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.9b01423","article-title":"Structure-Based Design and Identification of FT-2102 (Olutasidenib), a Potent Mutant-Selective IDH1 Inhibitor","volume":"63","author":"Caravella","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01839-y","article-title":"Adagrasib: First Approval","volume":"83","author":"Dhillon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867330666230330122000","article-title":"First Approval of Adagrasib for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring a KRASG12C Mutation","volume":"31","author":"De","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.oprd.4c00024","article-title":"Adagrasib\u2019s Second-Generation Synthesis: Transitioning from Route Scouting to Optimization","volume":"28","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Org. Process Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01796-y","article-title":"Deucravacitinib: First Approval","volume":"82","author":"Hoy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_114","unstructured":"Kalola, U.K., Alberty, A., and Sheehy, C. (2025). Deucravacitinib. StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02659","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202502659","article-title":"Deuteration of Six-Membered N-Heteroarenes: Chemistry and Applications","volume":"31","author":"Raju","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem.\u2013Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_116","unstructured":"(2026, February 02). Effect of Deuterium Incorporation on Deucravacitinib Metabolism. Available online: https:\/\/acs.digitellinc.com\/p\/s\/effect-of-deuterium-incorporation-on-deucravacitinib-metabolism-605566."},{"key":"ref_117","unstructured":"(2026, May 02). Profiles in Innovation\u2014Discovery Moments: TYK2 Pseudokinase Inhibitor. MassBio. Available online: https:\/\/www.massbio.org\/news\/recent-news\/profiles-in-innovation-discovery-moments-tyk2-pseudokinase-inhibitor\/."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01961-x","article-title":"Mitapivat: A Review in Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency in Adults","volume":"83","author":"Shirley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-2875","article-title":"FDA Approval Summary: Lutetium Lu 177 Vipivotide Tetraxetan for Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer","volume":"29","author":"Fallah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3390\/gastroent14040031","article-title":"Terlipressin for the Prevention and Treatment of Renal Decline in Hepatorenal Syndrome: A Drug Profile","volume":"14","author":"Ayyad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Insights"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Navarro, V.J., Rossi, S., and Herrine, S.K. (2009). Hepatic Cirrhosis. Pharmacology and Therapeutics, W.B. Saunders.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-3291-5.50038-X"},{"key":"ref_122","first-page":"22","article-title":"Vasopressin vs Terlipressin in Treatment of Refractory Shock","volume":"5","author":"Scarpati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl. Med. UniSa"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2400890","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.202400890","article-title":"FDA-Approved Drugs Featuring Macrocycles or Medium-Sized Rings","volume":"358","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2210140","article-title":"Nirogacestat, a \u03b3-Secretase Inhibitor for Desmoid Tumors","volume":"388","author":"Gounder","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_125","first-page":"26330040251317546","article-title":"Nirogacestat-the Pathway to Approval of the First Treatment for Desmoid Tumors, a Rare Disease","volume":"6","author":"Kummar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Rare Dis."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrer, D.C., Herrmann, M., Vogelhuber, M., Geis, S., Mahr, D., Niethard, M., Keil, F., Napodano, G., Herr, W., and Grube, M. (2025). Case Report: Nirogacestat Therapy Induces Rapid Response in a Patient with Refractory, Life-Threatening Desmoid Tumor. Front. Oncol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1714475"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22260","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.22260","article-title":"The Mechanism of Action and Chemical Synthesis of FDA Newly Approved Drug Molecules","volume":"85","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Res."},{"key":"ref_128","unstructured":"(2026, February 04). FDA Approval Summary: Capivasertib with Fulvestrant for HR-Positive, HER2-Negative Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer with PIK3CA\/AKT1\/PTEN Alterations\u2014PMC, Available online: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11588547\/."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2024.116124","article-title":"Synthesis and Clinical Application of New Drugs Approved by FDA in 2023","volume":"265","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2095","article-title":"Fulvestrant in the Treatment of Hormone Receptor-positive\/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-negative Advanced Breast Cancer: A Review","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_131","unstructured":"(2026, February 04). FDA Approval Summary: Repotrectinib for Locally Advanced or Metastatic ROS1-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer\u2014PubMed, Available online: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38875108\/."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4412","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-25-1333","article-title":"FDA Approval Summary: Vorasidenib for IDH-Mutant Grade 2 Astrocytoma or Oligodendroglioma Following Surgery","volume":"31","author":"Barbato","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_133","first-page":"395","article-title":"Repotrectinib (TPX-0005): A Macrocyclic ALK\/ROS1\/TRK Inhibitor for the Treatment of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Tang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Drug Discovery Stories"},{"key":"ref_134","unstructured":"WIPO (2017). Search International and National Patent Collections. (WO2017007759), Available online: https:\/\/patentscope.wipo.int\/search\/en\/detail.jsf?docId=WO2017007759."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3100","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-0281","article-title":"FDA Approval Summary: Fruquintinib for the Treatment of Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer","volume":"30","author":"Fusco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7787","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S215533","article-title":"Fruquintinib: A Novel Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5203","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S388577","article-title":"Profile of Fruquintinib in the Management of Advanced Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Design, Development and Potential Place in Therapy","volume":"18","author":"Syaj","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, Y., Tang, S., Qin, Z., and Yang, C. (2025). Clinical Progress of Fruquintinib in Colorectal Cancer: An Overview. Pharmaceuticals, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18020280"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2024.103702","article-title":"Fruquintinib in Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Real-World Study","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5712","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2021.1872417","article-title":"Exploration of Structural Requirements for the Inhibition of VEGFR-2 Tyrosine Kinase: Binding Site Analysis of Type II, \u2018DFG-out\u2019 Inhibitors","volume":"40","author":"Modi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10652","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c00345","article-title":"Synthetic Approaches to New Drugs Approved During 2018","volume":"63","author":"Flick","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6916","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000002690","article-title":"FDA Greenlights Momelotinib (Ojjaara) as the Exclusive Treatment for Myelofibrosis Patients Battling Anemia","volume":"86","author":"Jehanzeb","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S386802","article-title":"Emerging Treatment Options for Myelofibrosis: Focus on Anemia","volume":"19","author":"Sastow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther. Clin. Risk Manag."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000001","article-title":"Myelofibrosis-Related Anemia: Current and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"1","author":"Naymagon","year":"2017","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2471-3","article-title":"Lotilaner\u2014A Novel Systemic Tick and Flea Control Product for Dogs","volume":"10","author":"Little","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01947-9","article-title":"Lotilaner Ophthalmic Solution 0.25%: First Approval","volume":"83","author":"Syed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3116-x","article-title":"Laboratory Evaluation of the Efficacy of Lotilaner (CredelioTM) Against Amblyomma cajennense (Sensu Lato) Infestations of Dogs","volume":"11","author":"Lasmar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2470-4","article-title":"The Novel Isoxazoline Ectoparasiticide Lotilaner (CredelioTM): A Non-Competitive Antagonist Specific to Invertebrates \u03b3-Aminobutyric Acid-Gated Chloride Channels (GABACls)","volume":"10","author":"Rufener","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01928-y","article-title":"Ritlecitinib: First Approval","volume":"83","author":"Blair","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-023-00799-z","article-title":"Baricitinib: A Review in Severe Alopecia Areata","volume":"24","author":"Fung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00222-2","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Ritlecitinib in Adults and Adolescents with Alopecia Areata: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Multicentre, Phase 2b\u20133 Trial","volume":"401","author":"King","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.oprd.9b00198","article-title":"Process Development and Scale up of a Selective JAK3 Covalent Inhibitor PF-06651600","volume":"23","author":"Tao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Org. Process Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatia, A., Preiss, A.J., Xiao, X., Brannock, M.D., Alexander, G.C., Chew, R.F., Davis, H., Fitzgerald, M., Hill, E., and Kelly, E.P. (2025). Effect of Nirmatrelvir\/Ritonavir (Paxlovid) on Hospitalization Among Adults with COVID-19: An Electronic Health Record-Based Target Trial Emulation from N3C. PLoS Med., 22.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004493"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00118-4","article-title":"Effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir\u2013Ritonavir in Preventing Hospital Admissions and Deaths in People with COVID-19: A Cohort Study in a Large US Health-Care System","volume":"23","author":"Lewnard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rai, D.K., Yurgelonis, I., McMonagle, P., Rothan, H.A., Hao, L., Gribenko, A., Titova, E., Kreiswirth, B., White, K.M., and Zhu, Y. (2022). Nirmatrelvir, an Orally Active Mpro Inhibitor, Is a Potent Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.01.17.476644"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.2c00065","article-title":"The Remarkable Selectivity of Nirmatrelvir","volume":"5","author":"Duveau","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galli, M., Migliano, F., Fasano, V., Silvani, A., Passarella, D., and Citarella, A. (2024). Nirmatrelvir: From Discovery to Modern and Alternative Synthetic Approaches. Processes, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr12061242"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6032","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol31100450","article-title":"Ritonavir\u2019s Evolving Role: A Journey from Antiretroviral Therapy to Broader Medical Applications","volume":"31","author":"Pereira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hung, Y.-P., Lee, J.-C., Chiu, C.-W., Lee, C.-C., Tsai, P.-J., Hsu, I.-L., and Ko, W.-C. (2022). Oral Nirmatrelvir\/Ritonavir Therapy for COVID-19: The Dawn in the Dark?. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11020220"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.oprd.3c00249","article-title":"Synthesis of Nirmatrelvir: Development of an Efficient, Scalable Process to Generate the Western Fragment","volume":"27","author":"Algera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Org. Process Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bege, M., and Borb\u00e1s, A. (2024). The Design, Synthesis and Mechanism of Action of Paxlovid, a Protease Inhibitor Drug Combination for the Treatment of COVID-19. Pharmaceutics, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16020217"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5373","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000003670","article-title":"FDA Approves Veozah (Fezolinetant) for Menopausal Symptoms: A New Nonhormonal Option","volume":"87","author":"Elendu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2526560","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2025.2526560","article-title":"Targeting Vasomotor Symptoms with the New Drug Fezolinetant\u2014An Expert Overview","volume":"41","author":"Nappi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romanelli, M.N., Braconi, L., Gabellini, A., Manetti, D., Marotta, G., and Teodori, E. (2023). Synthetic Approaches to Piperazine-Containing Drugs Approved by FDA in the Period of 2011\u20132023. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29010068"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01885-6","article-title":"Zavegepant: First Approval","volume":"83","author":"Dhillon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_166","first-page":"598","article-title":"Clinical Evaluation of Zavegepant for the Acute Treatment of Migraine","volume":"31","author":"Fan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Manag. Care Spec. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01874-9","article-title":"Omaveloxolone: First Approval","volume":"83","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2023.12.002","article-title":"Omaveloxolone: A Groundbreaking Milestone as the First FDA-Approved Drug for Friedreich Ataxia","volume":"30","author":"Pilotto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25934","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of Omaveloxolone in Friedreich Ataxia (MOXIe Study)","volume":"89","author":"Lynch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cordaro, M., Neri, G., Ansari, S.A.M.K., Buccheri, R., Scala, A., and Piperno, A. (2025). Synthesis and Biological Profile of Omaveloxolone: The Cornerstone for Friedreich Ataxia Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199747"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haider, M.U., Furqan, M., and Mehmood, Q. (2023). Daprodustat: A Potential Game-Changer in Renal Anemia Therapy\u2014A Perspective. Front. Pharmacol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1249492"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.oprd.5c00041","article-title":"Novel and Cost-Effective Manufacturing Process Development of Daprodustat","volume":"29","author":"Manda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Org. Process Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-23-1272","article-title":"FDA Approval Summary: Pirtobrutinib for Relapsed or Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma","volume":"30","author":"Telaraja","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5954","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024014975","article-title":"Pirtobrutinib, a Highly Selective, Noncovalent (Reversible) BTKi in R\/R Follicular Lymphoma: Phase 1\/2 BRUIN Study","volume":"9","author":"Shah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3435","DOI":"10.1080\/14796694.2025.2567834","article-title":"Pirtobrutinib in the Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia or Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma","volume":"21","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01883-8","article-title":"Trofinetide: First Approval","volume":"83","author":"Keam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hudu, S.A., Elmigdadi, F., Qtaitat, A.A., Almehmadi, M., Alsaiari, A.A., Allahyani, M., Aljuaid, A., Salih, M., Alghamdi, A., and Alrofaidi, M.A. (2023). Trofinetide for Rett Syndrome: Highlights on the Development and Related Inventions of the First USFDA-Approved Treatment for Rare Pediatric Unmet Medical Need. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12155114"},{"key":"ref_178","unstructured":"Virginia, T.P. (2026, February 06). Pharmacotherapy Innovation for Rett Syndrome. Available online: https:\/\/www.uspharmacist.com\/article\/pharmacotherapy-innovation-for-rett-syndrome."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000001896","article-title":"Trofinetide Receives FDA Approval as First Drug for Rett Syndrome","volume":"86","author":"Mughal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2026.118633","article-title":"Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Trofinetide Prodrug Based on Diketopiperazine Strategy","volume":"137","author":"Feng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01891-8","article-title":"Rezafungin: First Approval","volume":"83","author":"Syed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Susan, V., Lang, M., Sabou, M., and Bourel-Bonnet, L. (2025). Antifungal Drugs for the Treatment of Invasive Fungal Infections\u2014A Limited Therapeutic Toolbox Facing Growing Resistances. Pharmaceuticals, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18081220"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hetta, H.F., Melhem, T., Aljohani, H.M., Salama, A., Ahmed, R., Elfadil, H., Alanazi, F.E., Ramadan, Y.N., Battah, B., and Rottura, M. (2025). Beyond Conventional Antifungals: Combating Resistance Through Novel Therapeutic Pathways. Pharmaceuticals, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18030364"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Effron, G. (2020). Rezafungin\u2014Mechanisms of Action, Susceptibility and Resistance: Similarities and Differences with the Other Echinocandins. J. Fungi, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040262"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02792-12","article-title":"Efficient Bioconversion of Echinocandin B to Its Nucleus by Overexpression of Deacylase Genes in Different Host Strains","volume":"79","author":"Shao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00407-7","article-title":"Vanzacaftor\u2013Tezacaftor\u2013Deutivacaftor for Children Aged 6\u201311 Years with Cystic Fibrosis (RIDGELINE Trial VX21-121-105): An Analysis from a Single-Arm, Phase 3 Trial","volume":"13","author":"Hoppe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_187","first-page":"83","article-title":"FDA Approves Next-Generation Triple Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"24","author":"Mullard","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00411-9","article-title":"Vanzacaftor\u2013Tezacaftor\u2013Deutivacaftor versus Elexacaftor\u2013Tezacaftor\u2013Ivacaftor in Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis Aged 12 Years and Older (SKYLINE Trials VX20-121-102 and VX20-121-103): Results from Two Randomised, Active-Controlled, Phase 3 Trials","volume":"13","author":"Keating","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baroni, D. (2025). Unraveling the Mechanism of Action, Binding Sites, and Therapeutic Advances of CFTR Modulators: A Narrative Review. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol., 47.","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47020119"},{"key":"ref_190","first-page":"248","article-title":"Efficacy of Trikafta (ELX\/TEZ\/IVA) & Symdeko (TEZ\/IVA) in Treating Cystic Fibrosis with F508del Allele: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"26","author":"Hussain","year":"2025","journal-title":"Thorac. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1908639","article-title":"Elexacaftor\u2013Tezacaftor\u2013Ivacaftor for Cystic Fibrosis with a Single Phe508del Allele","volume":"381","author":"Middleton","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00504-5","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of Vanzacaftor\u2013Tezacaftor\u2013Deutivacaftor in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis: Randomised, Double-Blind, Controlled, Phase 2 Trials","volume":"11","author":"Uluer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_193","unstructured":"(2024). The Synthesis Method of Tezacaftor, ChemicalBook Inc.. Available online: https:\/\/www.chemicalbook.com\/article\/the-synthesis-method-of-tezacaftor.htm."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Sun, X., Sun, M., Wang, C., and Yang, L. (2025). Game Changers: Blockbuster Small-Molecule Drugs Approved by the FDA in 2024. Pharmaceuticals, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18050729"},{"key":"ref_195","unstructured":"(2012). Ensartinib. LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases."},{"key":"ref_196","first-page":"100142","article-title":"Insight into Systematic Development of ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) Inhibitors towards NSCLC Treatment","volume":"10","author":"Yadav","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem. Rep."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200059050-00013","article-title":"Iomeprol: A Review of Its Use as a Contrast Medium","volume":"59","author":"Dooley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6670","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000006670","article-title":"Comparison of Iomeprol-400, Ultravist-370, and Omnipaque-350 in Preoperative Computed Tomography for Visualizing the Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforators","volume":"13","author":"Peress","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg.-Glob. Open"},{"key":"ref_199","unstructured":"Zou, P., Luo, S., Xie, M., Liu, Y., He, Y., and Wang, H. (2013). Iomeprol Preparation Method. (CN102363600B)."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2025028357","article-title":"Menin Inhibition with Revumenib for NPM1-Mutated Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The AUGMENT-101 Study","volume":"146","author":"Arellano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_201","first-page":"3488","article-title":"Revumenib for Patients with Acute Leukemia: A New Tool for Differentiation Therapy","volume":"109","author":"Salman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO-24-01265","article-title":"Revumenib Revises the Treatment Landscape for KMT2A-r Leukemia","volume":"43","author":"Heikamp","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202403434","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202403434","article-title":"Sulfonamides as a Promising Scaffold in Drug Discovery: An Insightful Review on FDA-Approved Molecules, Synthesis Strategy, Medical Indication, and Their Binding Mode","volume":"22","author":"Aslam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Medical Letter, Inc. (2025). Sulopenem Etzadroxil\/Probenecid (Orlynvah) for Uncomplicated UTIs. Med. Lett. Drugs Ther., 67, 179\u2013180.","DOI":"10.58347\/tml.2025.1741b"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6946","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000003933","article-title":"Redefining uUTI Therapy: Orlynvah as a Promising Oral Alternative (Sulopenem Etzadroxil and Probenecid)","volume":"87","author":"Shahid","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxaf220","article-title":"Sulopenem Etzadroxil and Probenecid: A Drug Review of a Novel Oral Penem Active against ESBL-Producing Bacteria","volume":"83","author":"Ocheretyaner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rusu, A., Oancea, O.-L., Donici, E., and Uncu, L. (2025). Recent Developments in Penem Antibiotics: Structural and Therapeutic Perspectives. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30102126"},{"key":"ref_208","unstructured":"(2026, May 02). D.A.M.C. Sulopenem. New Drug Approvals. Available online: https:\/\/newdrugapprovals.org\/2025\/04\/23\/sulopenem\/."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-024-02136-y","article-title":"Inavolisib: First Approval","volume":"85","author":"Blair","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.33609\/2708-129X.90.9.2024.31-56","article-title":"New Drugs on the Pharmaceutical Market Containing Fluorine And Residues of Tailor-Made Amino Acids","volume":"90","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ukr. Chem. J."},{"key":"ref_211","first-page":"103462","article-title":"Arimoclomol and Levacetylleucine for the Treatment of Neurologic Manifestations of Niemann-Pick Disease Type C: A Therapeutics Bulletin of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG)","volume":"3","author":"Smith","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genet. Med. Open"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Musaimi, O., AlShaer, D., De La Torre, B.G., and Albericio, F. (2025). 2024 FDA TIDES (Peptides and Oligonucleotides) Harvest. Pharmaceuticals, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18030291"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis, L.C., Braine, R., Churchill, G.C., Factor, M., Fields, T., Patterson, M., Platt, F., Strupp, M., and Galione, A. (2025). N-Acetyl-L-Leucine (Levacetylleucine) Normalizes Transcription Factor EB (TFEB) Activity by Stereospecific Bidirectional Modulation. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.64898\/2025.11.30.691375"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2025.2507404","article-title":"Lazertinib: A Novel EGFR-TKI Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"21","author":"Shah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.2640","article-title":"Lazertinib in EGFR -Variant Non\u2013Small Cell Lung Cancer with CNS Failure to Prior EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial","volume":"10","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1039\/D4MD00800F","article-title":"Lazertinib: Breaking the Mold of Third-Generation EGFR Inhibitors","volume":"16","author":"Patel","year":"2025","journal-title":"RSC Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_217","unstructured":"Oh, S.-H., Khoo, J.-H., Lim, J.-C., Lee, S.-R., Ju, H., Shin, W.-S., Park, D.-G., Park, S.-M., and Hwang, Y.-A. (2019). Improved Process for Preparing Aminopyrimidine Derivatives. (WO2019022485A1)."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-024-02069-6","article-title":"Tovorafenib: First Approval","volume":"84","author":"Dhillon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2024.2418405","article-title":"Type II RAF Inhibitor Tovorafenib for the Treatment of Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-24-3439","article-title":"FDA Approval Summary: Tovorafenib for Relapsed or Refractory BRAF-Altered Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma","volume":"31","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2024.116722","article-title":"Synthetic Approaches and Application of Representative Clinically Approved Fluorine-Enriched Anti-Cancer Medications","volume":"276","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280241293773","article-title":"Ceftobiprole Medocaril: A New Fifth-Generation Cephalosporin","volume":"59","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.37201\/req\/s01.05.2022","article-title":"Ceftobiprole Medocaril","volume":"35","author":"Latorre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Quimioter."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conti, P., Lazzaro, L.M., Longo, F., Lenzo, F., Giardina, A., Fortuna, S.A., Stefani, S., and Campanile, F. (2024). Unveiling the Relationship between Ceftobiprole and High-Molecular-Mass (HMM) Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs) in Enterococcus Faecalis. Antibiotics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13010065"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ARD Profile (2006). Ceftobiprole Medocaril: BAL5788, JNJ 30982081, JNJ30982081, RO 65-5788, RO 655788. Drugs R D, 7, 305\u2013311.","DOI":"10.2165\/00126839-200607050-00003"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2024.2403638","article-title":"Oral Complement Factor D Inhibitor Danicopan for Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-025-03882-8","article-title":"First-in-Class Clinically Investigated Oral Factor D Inhibitors for the Treatment of Complement-Mediated Diseases","volume":"42","author":"Gadhachanda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa060","article-title":"Vadadustat, an Oral Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor, for Treatment of Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease: Two Randomized Phase 2 Trials in Japanese Patients","volume":"36","author":"Nangaku","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.122.001126","article-title":"Preclinical Characterization of Vadadustat (AKB-6548), an Oral Small Molecule Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl-4-Hydroxylase Inhibitor, for the Potential Treatment of Renal Anemia","volume":"383","author":"Zuk","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.oprd.1c00004","article-title":"Development of a Robust and Scalable Process for the Large-Scale Preparation of Vadadustat","volume":"25","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Org. Process Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280241259528","article-title":"Resmetirom: The First Food and Drug Administration\u2013Approved Medication for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)","volume":"59","author":"Guirguis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_232","first-page":"60","article-title":"Resmetirom: An Orally Administered, Small-Molecule, Liver-Directed, \u03b2-Selective THR Agonist for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis","volume":"19","author":"Karim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiwari, A., Sharma, A., Kumar, H., Gupta, V., Deshpande, V., Mupparaju, J.S., Mishra, T., Bharadwaj, H.R., Dahiya, D.S., and Jain, V. (2025). Resmetirom for MASH: A Comprehensive Review of a Novel Therapeutic Frontier. Biomedicines, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13092079"},{"key":"ref_234","unstructured":"(2026, February 13). Resmetirom: A Promising Treatment for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis\u2014American Journal of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Available online: https:\/\/ajpps.org\/resmetirom-a-promising-treatment-for-non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis\/."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.oprd.5c00149","article-title":"An Alternate and Efficient Synthetic Process for a Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis Drug: Resmetirom","volume":"29","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Org. Process Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-024-02035-2","article-title":"Cefepime\/Enmetazobactam: First Approval","volume":"84","author":"Keam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/17460913.2025.2468112","article-title":"Cefepime-Enmetazobactam: First Approved Cefepime-\u03b2- Lactamase Inhibitor Combination for Multi-Drug Resistant Enterobacterales","volume":"20","author":"Bhowmick","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carcione, D., Brigante, G., Carducci, A., Intra, J., Ambretti, S., Campanile, F., Arcari, G., Mancini, N., Cattaneo, D., and Gona, F. (2026). Cefepime and New Cefepime\/Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Combination for the Treatment of Gram-Negative Bacteria: Chemical Structure and Mechanism of Action, Microbiological Target, Clinical Use and PK\/PD Characteristics. Pharmaceuticals, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19020283"},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.17034","article-title":"Effect of Cefepime\/Enmetazobactam vs. Piperacillin\/Tazobactam on Clinical Cure and Microbiological Eradication in Patients with Complicated Urinary Tract Infection or Acute Pyelonephritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"328","author":"Kaye","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_240","unstructured":"(2026, February 16). Exblifep (Cefepime and Enmetazobactam for Injection): Side Effects, Uses, Dosage, Interactions, Warnings. Available online: https:\/\/www.rxlist.com\/exblifep-drug.htm."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sargianou, M., Stathopoulos, P., Vrysis, C., Tzvetanova, I.D., and Falagas, M.E. (2025). New \u03b2-Lactam\/\u03b2-Lactamase Inhibitor Combination Antibiotics. Pathogens, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14040307"},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2024.2427310","article-title":"Cefepime\/Enmetazobactam: A Microbiological, Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, and Clinical Evaluation","volume":"21","author":"Darlow","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2023.115172","article-title":"Application and Synthesis of Thiazole Ring in Clinically Approved Drugs","volume":"250","author":"Niu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De La Torre, B.G., and Albericio, F. (2026). The Pharmaceutical Industry in 2025: An Analysis of FDA Drug Approvals from the Perspective of Molecules. Molecules, 31.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202601.0021.v1"},{"key":"ref_245","unstructured":"McCormick, B. (2025, September 21). Rilzabrutinib Becomes First FDA-Approved BTK Inhibitor for ITP|AJMC. Available online: https:\/\/www.ajmc.com\/view\/rilzabrutinib-becomes-first-fda-approved-btk-inhibitor-for-itp."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000004298","article-title":"A New Era in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: FDA Approval of the Oral BTK Inhibitor Remibrutinib","volume":"88","author":"Jan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7907","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000004164","article-title":"Bruton\u2019s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition in ITP: Wayrilz (Rilzabrutinib) as a Disease-Modifying Strategy","volume":"87","author":"Hujjat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.14425","article-title":"Rilzabrutinib for the Treatment of Immune Thrombocytopenia","volume":"115","author":"Labanca","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1080\/1750743X.2025.2545170","article-title":"Evaluating Rilzabrutinib in the Treatment of Immune Thrombocytopenia","volume":"17","author":"Kuter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-026-02048-z","article-title":"Translational Immunothrombosis in Autoimmune Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: Targeting the Fc\u03b3RIIa\u2013Syk\u2013BTK and Complement Pathways","volume":"26","author":"Ahmadinia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brullo, C., Villa, C., Tasso, B., Russo, E., and Spallarossa, A. (2021). Btk Inhibitors: A Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Delivery Perspective. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147641"},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.2c00163","article-title":"Selective Inhibition of Bruton\u2019s Tyrosine Kinase by a Designed Covalent Ligand Leads to Potent Therapeutic Efficacy in Blood Cancers Relative to Clinically Used Inhibitors","volume":"5","author":"Sousa","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benedetto Tiz, D., D\u2019Al\u00ec, M., Iraci, N., Santi, C., and Sancineto, L. (2026). Halogen-Containing Drugs in 2025: A Record Year for the Therapeutic Use and Synthesis of FDA-Approved Small Molecules. Biomolecules, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16030381"},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12227","DOI":"10.1002\/clt2.12227","article-title":"Remibrutinib Inhibits Hives Effector Cells Stimulated by Serum from Chronic Urticaria Patients Independently of Fc\u03b5R1 Expression Level and Omalizumab Clinical Response","volume":"13","author":"Gimeno","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13005","article-title":"Remibrutinib (LOU064): A Selective Potent Oral BTK Inhibitor with Promising Clinical Safety and Pharmacodynamics in a Randomized Phase I Trial","volume":"14","author":"Kaul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-025-02281-y","article-title":"Remibrutinib: First Approval","volume":"86","author":"Fung","year":"2026","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-024-00505-0","article-title":"Aficamten Is a Small-Molecule Cardiac Myosin Inhibitor Designed to Treat Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy","volume":"3","author":"Hartman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohran, S., Kooiker, K.B., Naim, A., Pilagov, M., Asencio, A., Turner, K.L., Ma, W., Flint, G., Jiang, S., and Zhao, J. (2025). Myosin Modulator Aficamten Inhibits Force in Cardiac Muscle by Altering Myosin\u2019s Biochemical Activity without Changing Thick Filament Structure. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.05.14.654110"},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14142","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.1c01290","article-title":"Discovery of Aficamten (CK-274), a Next-Generation Cardiac Myosin Inhibitor for the Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy","volume":"64","author":"Chuang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-25-0605","article-title":"Sevabertinib, a Reversible HER2 Inhibitor with Activity in Lung Cancer","volume":"16","author":"Siegel","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2511065","article-title":"Sevabertinib in Advanced HER2-Mutant Non\u2013Small-Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"393","author":"Le","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trillo Aliaga, P., Spitaleri, G., Attili, I., Corvaja, C., Battaiotto, E., Angelopoulos, P.A., Del Signore, E., Passaro, A., and De Marinis, F. (2025). HER2 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Evolution of the Therapeutic Landscape and Emerging Drugs\u2014A Long Way to the Top. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30122645"},{"key":"ref_263","unstructured":"(2025, October 25). FDA Approves Elinzanetant, a Hormone-Free Option for Hot Flashes in Menopause|AJMC. Available online: https:\/\/www.ajmc.com\/view\/fda-approves-elinzanetant-a-hormone-free-option-for-hot-flashes-in-menopause."},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2024.2358131","article-title":"Elinzanetant, a New Combined Neurokinin-1\/-3 Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Postmenopausal Vasomotor Symptoms","volume":"25","author":"Hager","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3221","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab108","article-title":"Elinzanetant (NT-814), a Neurokinin 1,3 Receptor Antagonist, Reduces Estradiol and Progesterone in Healthy Women","volume":"106","author":"Pawsey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000002138","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Elinzanetant, a Selective Neurokinin-1,3 Receptor Antagonist for Vasomotor Symptoms: A Dose-Finding Clinical Trial (SWITCH-1)","volume":"30","author":"Simon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref_267","unstructured":"(2025, October 25). Definition of Elinzanetant\u2014NCI Drug Dictionary\u2014NCI, Available online: https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/publications\/dictionaries\/cancer-drug\/def\/elinzanetant."},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2025.4421","article-title":"Elinzanetant for the Treatment of Vasomotor Symptoms Associated with Menopause: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"185","author":"Panay","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_269","unstructured":"Rottmann, A., Peters, M., Engelen, A., Bordini, E., Davalli, S., Cufari, D., and Trower, M. (2024). Novel Dual Nk-1\/Nk-3 Receptor Antagonists. (WO2024188935A1)."},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mih\u0103l\u021ban, F.-D., Ulmeanu, R., and Constantin, A.-A. (2026). Brensocatib\u2014Another Therapeutic \u201cWindow of Opportunity\u201d for Patients with Bronchiectasis. J. Clin. Med., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15031257"},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6964","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000003976","article-title":"Brensocatib\u2014An Editorial on the New Chapter in Noncystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis Treatment","volume":"87","author":"Furqan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_272","unstructured":"(2026, February 27). Targeting Neutrophilic Inflammation in Obstructive Airway Disease\u2014A Narrative Review of Brensocatib Therapy\u2014Respiratory Medicine. Available online: https:\/\/www.resmedjournal.com\/article\/S0954-6111(25)00306-3\/fulltext."},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2411664","article-title":"Phase 3 Trial of the DPP-1 Inhibitor Brensocatib in Bronchiectasis","volume":"392","author":"Chalmers","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_274","unstructured":"(2026, June 17). Discovery of Second Generation Reversible Covalent DPP1 Inhibitors Leading to an Oxazepane Amidoacetonitrile Based Clinical Candidate (AZD7986)|Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Available online: https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.6b01127."},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-025-02265-y","article-title":"Zongertinib: First Approval","volume":"86","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000004571","article-title":"Clinical Significance of Zongertinib in HER2-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Advancing Targeted Therapy Options","volume":"88","author":"Haider","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-24-0306","article-title":"Zongertinib (BI 1810631), an Irreversible HER2 TKI, Spares EGFR Signaling and Improves Therapeutic Response in Preclinical Models and Patients with HER2-Driven Cancers","volume":"15","author":"Wilding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_278","unstructured":"(2021). [1,3]DIAZINO[5,4-d]Pyrimidines AS HER2 Inhibitors. (WO2021213800), Available online: https:\/\/patentscope.wipo.int\/search\/en\/WO2021213800."},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-025-02252-3","article-title":"Dordaviprone: First Approval","volume":"86","author":"Blair","year":"2026","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8497","DOI":"10.1039\/D1OB01561C","article-title":"Tandem Copper Catalyzed Regioselective N-Arylation\u2013Amidation: Synthesis of Angularly Fused Dihydroimidazoquinazolinones and the Anticancer Agent TIC10\/ONC201","volume":"19","author":"Honnanayakanavar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Org. Biomol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6916","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000003771","article-title":"Delgocitinib 2% Cream: A Promising FDA-Approved Therapy for Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Hand Eczema","volume":"87","author":"Jawaid","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479126","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2025.2479126","article-title":"Topical Delgocitinib for the Treatment of Chronic Hand Eczema","volume":"36","author":"Abdelhalim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6789","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.5c01960","article-title":"Stereoselective Synthesis of Delgocitinib and Its Diastereomer Using Organocatalyzed Michael Addition","volume":"27","author":"Morita","year":"2025","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_284","unstructured":"(2025, July 26). FDA Approves Sebetralstat for Hereditary Angioedema. Available online: https:\/\/www.ajmc.com\/view\/fda-approves-sebetralstat-for-hereditary-angioedema."},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02406-0","article-title":"An Investigational Oral Plasma Kallikrein Inhibitor for On-Demand Treatment of Hereditary Angioedema: A Two-Part, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Phase 2 Trial","volume":"401","author":"Zanichelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bygum, A., Busse, P., Caballero, T., and Maurer, M. (2017). Disease Severity, Activity, Impact, and Control and How to Assess Them in Patients with Hereditary Angioedema. Front. Med., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00212"},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3390\/ddc3020019","article-title":"Sebetralstat: A Rapidly Acting Oral Plasma Kallikrein Inhibitor for the On-Demand Treatment of Hereditary Angioedema","volume":"3","author":"Feener","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drugs Drug Candidates"},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2025.2482737","article-title":"An Evaluation of Sebetralstat as the First Oral On-Demand Therapy for Hereditary Angioedema","volume":"26","author":"Farkas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01959-5","article-title":"Sunvozertinib: First Approval","volume":"83","author":"Dhillon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_290","unstructured":"(2025, July 25). FDA Approves Sunvozertinib in Non\u2013Small Cell Lung Cancer. Available online: https:\/\/www.ajmc.com\/view\/fda-approves-sunvozertinib-in-non-small-cell-lung-cancer."},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6256","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000003763","article-title":"Acoltremon and the TRPM8 Frontier: A New Chapter in Dry Eye Disease Therapy","volume":"87","author":"Malik","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.5582\/ddt.2025.01048","article-title":"Acoltremon: The First TRPM8 Agonist Approved for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease","volume":"19","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Ther."},{"key":"ref_293","unstructured":"(2026, May 02). Preparation of Key Intermediate Menthyl Formic Acid of WS Series Cooling Agent. Patent#CN117945886. Available online: https:\/\/www.medkoo.com\/drug_syntheses\/413."},{"key":"ref_294","first-page":"1609","article-title":"Recent FDA-Approved Kinase Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy in 2025: A Comprehensive Review and Perspectives","volume":"24","author":"Abbas","year":"2025","journal-title":"EXCLI J."},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-025-02208-7","article-title":"Atrasentan: First Approval","volume":"85","author":"Keam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i37","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae214","article-title":"Selective Endothelin A Receptor Antagonism in Chronic Kidney Disease: Improving Clinical Application","volume":"40","author":"Moedt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hajra, S., Aziz, S.M., Jana, B., and Hazra, S. (2020). Organocatalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Nitromethane to Benzylidene-2-Benzoyl Acetate: Asymmetric Synthesis of ABT\u2014627, an Endothelin Receptor Antagonist. Front. Chem., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.00135"},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-025-02214-9","article-title":"Gepotidacin: First Approval","volume":"85","author":"Keam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad060","article-title":"Gepotidacin: A Novel, Oral, \u2018First-in-Class\u2019 Triazaacenaphthylene Antibiotic for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections and Urogenital Gonorrhoea","volume":"78","author":"Watkins","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_300","unstructured":"Widdowson, K.L. (2016). Tricyclic Nitrogen Containing Compounds for Treating Neisseria Gonorrhoea Infection. (WO2016027249A1)."},{"key":"ref_301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-025-02191-z","article-title":"Vimseltinib: First Approval","volume":"85","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.5582\/irdr.2025.01010","article-title":"Vimseltinib: A Novel Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF1R) Inhibitor Approved for Treatment of Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors (TGCTs)","volume":"14","author":"Dou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Intractable Rare Dis. Res."},{"key":"ref_303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7889","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000004078","article-title":"FDA Approves Journavx (Suzetrigine) as the First Non-Opioid Treatment for Moderate to Severe Acute Pain","volume":"87","author":"Aamir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.5582\/ddt.2025.01010","article-title":"Suzetrigine: The First Nav1.8 Inhibitor Approved for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Acute Pain","volume":"19","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Ther."},{"key":"ref_305","unstructured":"(2026, May 02). A First-in-Class, FDA-Approved Non-Addictive NaV1.8 Inhibitor for Acute and Moderate Pain. Available online: https:\/\/drughunter.com\/molecule\/suzetrigine-vx-548\/."},{"key":"ref_306","unstructured":"(2026, May 02). Suzetrigine Synthesis. Available online: https:\/\/www.a2bchem.com\/synthesisRoute\/2649467-58-1."},{"key":"ref_307","unstructured":"Harrison, C. (2022). Process for the Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydrofuran Modulators of Sodium Channels. (WO2022256660A1)."},{"key":"ref_308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-025-02269-8","article-title":"Elamipretide: First Approval","volume":"86","author":"Shirley","year":"2026","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tung, C., Varzideh, F., Farroni, E., Mone, P., Kansakar, U., Jankauskas, S.S., and Santulli, G. (2025). Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26030944"},{"key":"ref_310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10521","DOI":"10.1021\/jp063162b","article-title":"Computational Study of Pharmacophores: \u03b2-Lactams","volume":"110","author":"Novak","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.2174\/092986710790149747","article-title":"Recent Development of Cyclic Amide (Pyridone\/Lactam) Moiety Containing Heterocycles as Protein Kinase Inhibitors","volume":"17","author":"Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5701","DOI":"10.1021\/cr4000144","article-title":"Chemistry of Bridged Lactams and Related Heterocycles","volume":"113","author":"Szostak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turner, J., Muraoka, A., Bedenbaugh, M., Childress, B., Pernot, L., Wiencek, M., and Peterson, Y.K. (2022). The Chemical Relationship Among Beta-Lactam Antibiotics and Potential Impacts on Reactivity and Decomposition. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.807955"},{"key":"ref_314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, J., Zhu, Q., Wu, Y., Qu, X., Liu, H., Jiang, B., Ge, D., and Song, X. (2022). Utilization of Macrocyclic Peptides to Target Protein-Protein Interactions in Cancer. Front. Oncol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.992171"}],"container-title":["Medicines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2305-6320\/13\/3\/22\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:34:47Z","timestamp":1783438487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2305-6320\/13\/3\/22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"references-count":314,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["medicines13030022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicines13030022","relation":{},"ISSN":["2305-6320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2305-6320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]}}}