{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:11:04Z","timestamp":1793329864791,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]],"date-time":"2019-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cordyceps militaris is a medicinal mushroom and has been extensively used as a folk medicine in East Asia. In this study, the separation of constituents involved in xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of C. militaris was conducted. Methods: The aqueous residue of this fungus was extracted by methanol and then subsequently fractionated by hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water. The ethyl acetate extract possessed the highest XO inhibitory and antioxidant activities was separated to different fractions by column chromatography. Each fraction was then subjected to anti-hyperuricemia, antioxidant and antibacterial assays. Results: The results showed that the CM8 fraction exhibited the strongest XO inhibitory activity (the lowest IC50: 62.82 \u03bcg\/mL), followed by the CM10 (IC50: 68.04 \u03bcg\/mL) and the CM7 (IC50: 86.78 \u03bcg\/mL). The level of XO inhibition was proportional to antioxidant activity. In antibacterial assay, the CM9 and CM11 fractions showed effective antibacterial activity (MIC values: 15\u201325 mg\/mL and 10\u201325 mg\/mL, respectively). Results from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses indicated that cordycepin was the major constituent in the CM8 and CM10 fractions. Conclusions: This study revealed that C. militaris was beneficial for treatment hyperuricemia although in vivo trials on compounds purified from this medicinal fungus are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines6010020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]],"date-time":"2019-01-29T11:27:52Z","timestamp":1548761272000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Potential, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link Fruiting Body"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9545-5929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tran Ngoc","family":"Quy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate school for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7103-5698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tran Dang","family":"Xuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate school for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s11557-012-0825-y","article-title":"The medicinal fungus Cordyceps militaris: Research and development","volume":"11","author":"Shrestha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mycol. Prog."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2013.06.002","article-title":"Composition and characterization of cordyxanthins from Cordyceps militaris fruit bodies","volume":"5","author":"Dong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2010.07.010","article-title":"Medicinal uses of the mushroom Cordyceps militaris: Current state and prospect","volume":"81","author":"Das","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.26.691","article-title":"Antifatigue and antistress effect of the hot-water fraction from mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis","volume":"26","author":"Koh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smiderle, F.R., Baggio, C.H., Borato, D.G., Santana-Filho, A.P., Sassaki, G.L., Iacomini, M., and Van Griensven, L.J.L.D. (2014). Anti-inflammatory properties of the medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris might be related to its linear (1\u21923)-\u03b2-d-glucan. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110266"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10194","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0721287","article-title":"In vivo anti-influenza virus activity of an immunomodulatory acidic polysaccharide isolated from Cordyceps militaris grown on germinated soybeans","volume":"55","author":"Ohta","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.02.188","article-title":"The inhibitory effect of cordycepin on the proliferation of cisplatin-resistant A549 lung cancer cells","volume":"498","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2010.04.010","article-title":"Isolation of adenosine, iso-sinensetin and dimethylguanosine with antioxidant and HIV-1 protease inhibiting activities from fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris","volume":"18","author":"Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.009","article-title":"Immunomodulatory and antioxidative activity of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides in mice","volume":"86","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3536","article-title":"Separation of cordycepin from Cordyceps militaris fermentation supernatant using preparative HPLC and evaluation of its antibacterial activity as an NAD+-dependent DNA ligase inhibitor","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.10.064","article-title":"Effect of Cordyceps militaris extract and active constituents on metabolic parameters of obesity induced by high-fat diet in C58BL\/6J mice","volume":"151","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.09.030","article-title":"Cordycepin: A bioactive metabolite with therapeutic potential","volume":"93","author":"Tuli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2017.07.022","article-title":"Identification of a novel component leading to anti-tumor activity besides the major ingredient cordycepin in Cordyceps militaris extract","volume":"1061\u20131062","author":"Wada","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.4489\/MYCO.2008.36.4.233","article-title":"Chemical ingredients of Cordyceps militaris","volume":"36","author":"Hur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycobiology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.076","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization and antioxidant activity of selenium polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris","volume":"93","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2017.03.007","article-title":"Effect of light-emitting diodes on the production of cordycepin, mannitol and adenosine in solid-state fermented rice by Cordyceps militaris","volume":"60","author":"Chiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Compost. Anal."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2018.05.016","article-title":"Anti-tumor and anti-metastatic roles of cordycepin, one bioactive compound of Cordyceps militaris","volume":"25","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiosc.2015.04.008","article-title":"Simple and efficient isolation of cordycepin from culture broth of a Cordyceps militaris mutant","volume":"120","author":"Masuda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biosci. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.07.033","article-title":"Protective effect of cordycepin-enriched Cordyceps militaris on alcoholic hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"60","author":"Cha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2017.10.002","article-title":"Cordycepin induces apoptotic cell death of human brain cancer through the modulation of autophagy","volume":"46","author":"Chaicharoenaudomrung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.10.029","article-title":"Cordycepin inhibits LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"818","author":"Lei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2015.04.011","article-title":"Cordycepin from Cordyceps militaris prevents hyperglycemia in alloxan-induced diabetic mice","volume":"35","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.08.033","article-title":"The methanolic extract of Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link fruiting body shows antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and antihuman tumor cell lines properties","volume":"62","author":"Reis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2014.07.017","article-title":"Ultrahigh pressure extraction of polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris and evaluation of antioxidant activity","volume":"134","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1615\/IntJMedMushrooms.v16.i5.70","article-title":"A Comparative study of the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of methanol extracts from fruit bodies and fermented mycelia of caterpillar medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris (Ascomycetes)","volume":"16","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Mushrooms"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3709","article-title":"Extracts of Cordyceps militaris lower blood glucose via the stimulation of cholinergic activation and insulin secretion in normal rats","volume":"26","author":"Cheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-016-0569-5","article-title":"Xanthine oxidase inhibitory and antioxidant potential of Indian Muscodor species","volume":"6","author":"Kapoor","year":"2016","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.27.1414","article-title":"Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Vietnamese medicinal plants","volume":"2","author":"Nguyen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.10.001","article-title":"Actions of water extract from Cordyceps militaris in hyperuricemic mice induced by potassium oxonate combined with hypoxanthine","volume":"194","author":"Yong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.01.040","article-title":"Phytochemicals of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. aqueous extract: Their xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities","volume":"89","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.11.071","article-title":"Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of natural and hemisynthetic flavonoids from Gardenia oudiepe (Rubiaceae) in vitro and molecular docking studies","volume":"143","author":"Santi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7909.2006.00345.x","article-title":"Antioxidant activities of aqueous extract from cultivated fruit-bodies of Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link in vitro","volume":"48","author":"Zhan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Integr. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2007.05.005","article-title":"Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of cultured Cordyceps militaris","volume":"70","author":"Yu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR11.548","article-title":"Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of purified polysaccharide from cultured Cordyceps militaris","volume":"5","author":"Fengyao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr. J. Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2013.03.041","article-title":"Structural analysis and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from cultured Cordyceps militaris","volume":"58","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2015.06.006","article-title":"Antibacterial activities of the methanol extracts of Canarium schweinfurthii and four other Cameroonian dietary plants against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"23","author":"Dzotam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.03.041","article-title":"Characterization of essential oil from Ocimum gratissimum leaves: Antibacterial and mode of action against selected gastroenteritis pathogens","volume":"118","author":"Chimnoi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2015.05.007","article-title":"In vitro antibacterial activity of crude extracts of 9 selected medicinal plants against UTI causing MDR bacteria","volume":"29","author":"Mishra","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2017.02.004","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts against bacterial strains causing food poisoning diseases","volume":"25","author":"Mostafa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.08.020","article-title":"Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of some Indian medical plants","volume":"109","author":"Umamaheswari","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/17429140701713811","article-title":"Comparative efficacies in vitro of antibacterial, fungicidal, antioxidant and herbicidal activities of momilatones A and B","volume":"2","author":"Fukuta","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Plant Interact."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.08.025","article-title":"Essential oils, kava pyrones and phenolic compounds from leaves and rhizomes of Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt. & R.M. Sm. and their antioxidant activity","volume":"103","author":"Elzaawely","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1021\/jf506005b","article-title":"Traditional elderflower beverages: A rich source of phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity","volume":"63","author":"Samoticha","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.26651\/allelo.j.\/2018-43-2-1143","article-title":"Allelopathic potential of Tridax procumbens L. on radish and identification of allelochemicals","volume":"43","author":"Andriana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allelopath. J."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.26651\/allelo.j.\/2018-45-1-1178","article-title":"Chemical profile, antioxidant activities and allelopathic potential of liquid waste from germinated brown rice","volume":"45","author":"Xuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allelopath. J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.03.033","article-title":"Chromatographic analysis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of ginger extracts and its reference compounds","volume":"70","author":"Nile","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-014-0927-x","article-title":"Potential xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of endophytic Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae","volume":"173","author":"Kapoor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2013.06.006","article-title":"Xanthine oxidase inhibitory lanostanoids from Ganoderma tsugae","volume":"89","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.01.016","article-title":"Mechanism of action and interactions between xanthine oxidase inhibitors derived from natural sources of chlorogenic and ferulic acids","volume":"225","author":"Dziki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00058","article-title":"Cordycepin, a characteristic bioactive constituent in Cordyceps militaris, ameliorates hyperuricemia through URAT1 in hyperuricemic mice","volume":"9","author":"Yong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2017.08.005","article-title":"Antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of total polyphenols from onion","volume":"25","author":"Ouyang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.03.009","article-title":"Cordycepin protects PC12 cells against 6-hydroxydopamine induced neurotoxicity via its antioxidant properties","volume":"81","author":"Olatunji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/0717-6287-48-9","article-title":"Fatty acid composition, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the microwave aqueous extract of three varieties of Labisia pumila Benth","volume":"48","author":"Karimi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3132","DOI":"10.1021\/jf053111w","article-title":"Comparison of protective effects between cultured Cordyceps militaris and natural Cordyceps sinensis against oxidative damage","volume":"54","author":"Yu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2016.12.003","article-title":"Phytochemicals for human disease: An update on plant-derived compounds antibacterial activity","volume":"196","author":"Barbieri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2011.01.011","article-title":"Short- and medium-chain fatty acids exhibit antimicrobial activity for oral microorganisms","volume":"56","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtusci.2015.06.004","article-title":"Bioactivity and phytochemical constituents of marine red seaweeds (Jania rubens, Corallina mediterranea and Pterocladia capillacea)","volume":"10","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Taibah Univ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2880","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2016.1190383","article-title":"Characterization of the natural products in cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) using GC\u2013MS","volume":"54","author":"Eleazu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2017.05.010","article-title":"Phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extract of Ardisia elliptica","volume":"7","author":"Nor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."}],"container-title":["Medicines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2305-6320\/6\/1\/20\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:29:24Z","timestamp":1760185764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2305-6320\/6\/1\/20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["medicines6010020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicines6010020","relation":{},"ISSN":["2305-6320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2305-6320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]]}}}