{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T15:45:26Z","timestamp":1784907926937,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized oftentimes by symmetrically distributed, severely pruritic nodules. Currently, the pathophysiology of PN remains to be fully elucidated, but emerging evidence suggests that neuroimmune alterations play principal roles in the pathogenesis of PN. There are several associated etiologic factors thought to be associated with PN, including dermatoses, systemic, infectious, psychiatric, and neurologic conditions. We conducted a systematic literature review to evaluate the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and etiologic factors of PN. In this review, we discuss common differential diagnoses of PN and recommend an evidence-based, standardized diagnostic evaluation for those with suspected PN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines6040097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T03:03:15Z","timestamp":1569553395000},"page":"97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Diagnostic Workup and Evaluation of Patients with Prurigo Nodularis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3059-7277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina D.","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7542-1016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raveena","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle A.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madan M.","family":"Kwatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3736-1515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shawn G.","family":"Kwatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.047","article-title":"Ethnic differences and comorbidities of 909 prurigo nodularis patients","volume":"79","author":"Boozalis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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