{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:24:47Z","timestamp":1760239487469,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,22]],"date-time":"2020-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: According to past studies, recovery and survival following severe vascular events such as acute myocardial infarction and stroke are negatively impacted by vitamin D deficiency. However, the national estimate on disability-related burden is unclear. We intend to evaluate the prevalence and outcomes of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cerebrovascular disorder (CeVD). Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on the Nationwide Inpatient Sample data (2016\u20132017) of adult (\u226518 years) hospitalizations. We identified patients with a secondary diagnosis of VDD and a primary diagnosis of CVD and CeVD using the 9th revision of the International Classification of Diseases, clinical modification code (ICD-10-CM) codes. A univariate and mixed-effect multivariable survey logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the prevalence, disability, and discharge disposition of patients with CVD and CeVD in the presence of VDD. Results: Among 58,259,589 USA hospitalizations, 3.44%, 2.15%, 0.06%, 1.28%, 11.49%, 1.71%, 0.38%, 0.23%, and 0.08% had primary admission of IHD, acute MI, angina, AFib, CHF, AIS, TIA, ICeH, and SAH, respectively and 1.82% had VDD. The prevalence of hospitalizations due to CHF (14.66% vs. 11.43%), AIS (1.87% vs. 1.71%), and TIA (0.4% vs. 0.38%) was higher among VDD patients as compared with non-VDD patients (p &lt; 0.0001). In a regression analysis, as compare with non-VDD patients, the VDD patients were associated with higher odds of discharge to non-home facilities with an admission diagnosis of CHF (aOR 1.08, 95% CI 1.07\u20131.09), IHD (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.21\u20131.28), acute MI (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.19\u20131.28), AFib (aOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.16\u20131.27), and TIA (aOR 1.19, 95% CI 1.11\u20131.28). VDD was associated with higher odds of severe or extreme disability among patients hospitalized with AIS (aOR 1.1, 95% CI 1.06\u20131.14), ICeH (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08\u20131.38), TIA (aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.25\u20131.47), IHD (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.33\u20131.41), acute MI (aOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.38\u20131.49), AFib (aOR 1.10, 95% CI 1.06\u20131.15), and CHF (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.05) as compared with non-VDD. Conclusions: CVD and CeVD in the presence of VDD increase the disability and discharge to non-home facilities among USA hospitalizations. Future studies should be planned to evaluate the effect of VDD replacement for improving outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines7110072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T01:28:48Z","timestamp":1606094928000},"page":"72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence and Outcomes Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency among Indexed Hospitalizations with Cardiovascular Disease and Cerebrovascular Disorder\u2014A Nationwide Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6702-298X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urvish","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salma","family":"Yousuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Komal","family":"Lakhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10075, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Payu","family":"Raval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"siParadigm Diagnostic Informatics, Pine Brook, NJ 07058, USA"},{"name":"Pramukhswami Medical College, Shree Krishna Hospital, Anand, Gujarat 388325, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2037-8145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nirmaljot","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab 143501, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toochukwu","family":"Okafor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Larkin Community Hospital, Hialeah, FL 33012, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chail","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Brooklyn Cancer Care, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harmandeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab 143501, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehwish","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chika","family":"Nwodika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Oba Okunade Sijuade College of Medicine, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo State 23401, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelina","family":"Yogarajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Americas, Devens, MA 01434, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jigisha","family":"Rakholiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maitree","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Advent Health Orlando, Orlando, FL 32803, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raja Chandra","family":"Chakinala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Guthrie Robert Packer hospital, Sayre, PA 18840, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9562-227X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shamik","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Stormont Vail Health, Topeka, KS 66604, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Heron, M. 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