{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T23:48:00Z","timestamp":1783381680198,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Childhood obesity is associated with cardiovascular-disease (CVD) risk factors, an unfavorable lipid profile and reduced levels of 25(OH)D. The aim of our study is to evaluate whether vitamin D supplementation may play a role in the assessment of the CVD risk factors in overweight\/obese children and adolescents. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study involving children (9\u201315 years of age) with a known diagnosis of overweight or obesity (BMI &gt; 25) and decreased levels of 25(OH)D (&lt;25 ng\/mL), who underwent oral vitamin D supplementation (100,000 UI, one vial\/month) for six months. The anthropometric parameters, 25(OH)D, serum lipids and ALT levels were measured at the beginning (T0) and after 6 months (T1). Results: Of the 58 patients recruited, 45 had an increase in the serum 25(OH)D levels after supplementation. Vitamin D supplementation was associated with a decrease in the serum levels of the total cholesterol (p = 0.009), LDL-C (p = 0.005) and ALT (p = 0.005), and an increase in HDL-C (p = 0.03). These results were confirmed when the correction for the body mass index (BMI) was applied. Conclusions: The favorable effect of vitamin D supplementation on the total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and ALT could transform these values into modifiable risk factors starting in early childhood, with beneficial effects on long-term health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci10030049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T22:33:01Z","timestamp":1662503581000},"page":"49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Vitamin D Supplementation in the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9765-8006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Pecoraro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, P.le Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1975-5473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fulvio","family":"Nisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Units, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Serafin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, P.le Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Antoniazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, P.le Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3263-6671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Dalle Carbonare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, P.le Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Piacentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, P.le Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9912-3232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Pietrobelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, P.le Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy"},{"name":"Pennington Biomedical Research Centre, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00047-X","article-title":"Obesity in children and adolescents: Epidemiology, causes, assessment, and management","volume":"10","author":"Jebeile","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5030949","article-title":"Vitamin D and obesity","volume":"5","author":"Vanlint","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1502821","article-title":"Cardiometabolic risks and severity of obesity in children and young adults","volume":"373","author":"Skinner","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. 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