{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:40:20Z","timestamp":1760150420240,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Acute patella dislocation (APD) is a prevalent knee injury, with rates between 5.8\u201377.8 per 100,000. APD often results in repeat lateral patella dislocations due to the instability of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). Non-operative treatments have a 50% recurrence rate. While autologous grafting for MPFL has been favored, surgeons are now exploring synthetic grafts. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of synthetic grafts in MPFL reconstruction surgeries for repeated patellar dislocations; (2) Methods: Our research was based on a thorough search from the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence Healthcare Databases, using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score for quality assessment; (3) Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 284 patients and 230 knees were included. Seventy-five percent of patients were graded to have excellent-good clinical outcomes using the Crosby and Insall Grading System. International Knee Documentation Committee score and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score scores showed 59% and 60% post-operative improvement, respectively; (4) Conclusions: All studies showed improvement in post-operative functional outcomes and report no serious adverse events. The 6 mm, LARS (Orthomedic Ltd., Dollard-des-Ormeaux, QC, Canada) proved to have the most improvement in post-operative outcomes when used as a double bundle graft.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci11040075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T07:41:32Z","timestamp":1701157292000},"page":"75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Use of Synthetic Graft for MPFL Reconstruction Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5742-0995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panayiotis","family":"Tanos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3143-3007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chryssa","family":"Neo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Elizabeth Hospital Gateshead, Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead NE9 6SX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Volpin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma and Orthopaedics, Dr Gray\u2019s Hospital, NHS Grampian, Elgin IV30 1SN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280040601","article-title":"Characteristics of Patients with Primary Acute Lateral Patellar Dislocation and Their Recovery within the First 6 Months of Injury","volume":"28","author":"Atkin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(88)90168-4","article-title":"The significance of arthroscopy and examination under anaesthesia in the diagnosis of fresh injury haemarthrosis of the knee joint","volume":"19","author":"Harilainen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e318042b695","article-title":"An algorithm guiding the evaluation and treatment of acute primary patellar dislocations","volume":"15","author":"Mehta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sports Med. Arthrosc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318160740f","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of acute traumatic primary patellar dislocation","volume":"40","author":"Mattila","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679708996255","article-title":"Recurrence after patellar dislocation. Redislocation in 37\/75 patients followed for 6\u201324 years","volume":"68","author":"Huhtala","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Scand."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e31802eb40a","article-title":"First-time traumatic patellar dislocation: A systematic review","volume":"455","author":"Stefancin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260012701","article-title":"Soft tissue restraints to lateral patellar translation in the human knee","volume":"26","author":"Desio","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B1.14924","article-title":"Tensile strength of the medial patellofemoral ligament before and after repair or reconstruction","volume":"87","author":"Mountney","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-8063(90)90079-S","article-title":"Ferkel Evaluation of patients with persistent symptoms after lateral retinacular release by kinematic magnetic resonance imaging of the patellofemoral joint","volume":"6","author":"Shellock","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthrosc. J. Arthrosc. Relat. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jsm.0000157315.10756.14","article-title":"Acute traumatic primary patellar dislocation: Long-term results comparing conservative and surgical treatment","volume":"15","author":"Buchner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2001.21490","article-title":"Results of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in the treatment of patellar dislocation","volume":"17","author":"Drez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-8063(92)90064-I","article-title":"Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent dislocation of the patella: A preliminary report","volume":"8","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2015.06.030","article-title":"Surgical reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament","volume":"102","author":"Chouteau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967114544021","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967114544021","article-title":"Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Patellar Dislocation: A Systematic Review","volume":"2","author":"Mackay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512442330","article-title":"A systematic review of complications and failures associated with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocation","volume":"40","author":"Shah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-2970-0","article-title":"Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with bioactive synthetic ligament is an option. A 3-year follow-up study","volume":"22","author":"Berruto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2716","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-017-4711-7","article-title":"Modern synthetic material is a safe and effective alternative for medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.02.004","article-title":"Reconstruction of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Using a Synthetic Graft with Arthroscopic Control of Patellofemoral Congruence","volume":"32","author":"Suganuma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0160(00)00072-7","article-title":"A mid-term follow-up of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using an artificial ligament for recurrent patellar dislocation","volume":"7","author":"Nomura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2015.07.002","article-title":"Minimally invasive medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for patellar instability using an artificial ligament: A two year follow-up","volume":"23","author":"Khemka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2023.08.004","article-title":"Medium-term outcome of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using synthetic graft","volume":"44","author":"Deo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-022-07104-1","article-title":"Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using nonresorbable sutures yields comparable outcomes to reconstruction with a pedicled quadriceps tendon autograft when performed in addition to bony risk factor correction","volume":"31","author":"Milinkovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"261","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using FiberTape and knotless SwiveLock anchors","volume":"37","author":"Sasaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Knee J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-017-0530-2","article-title":"Biomechanical comparison of single- and double-bundle medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s10195-022-00660-9","article-title":"Synthetic graft for medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Migliorini","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2017.11.027","article-title":"Graft Choice in Isolated Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis of Rates of Recurrent Instability and Patient-Reported Outcomes for Autograft, Allograft, and Synthetic Options","volume":"34","author":"McNeilan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-013-1788-6","article-title":"Double-bundle anatomical versus single-bundle isometric medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for patellar dislocation","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515606102","article-title":"Factors Affecting the Outcomes of Double-Bundle Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Recurrent Patellar Dislocations Evaluated by Multivariate Analysis","volume":"43","author":"Kita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."}],"container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3271\/11\/4\/75\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:31:59Z","timestamp":1760131919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3271\/11\/4\/75"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["medsci11040075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medsci11040075","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3271"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-3271"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]}}}