{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:17:45Z","timestamp":1788308265121,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, through the institutional Open access program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hemodialyzed patients have innate immunity activation and adaptive immunity senescence. Diabetes mellitus is a frequent cause for chronic kidney disease and systemic inflammation. We studied the immunological pattern (innate and acquired immunity) and the tissular regeneration capacity in two groups of hemodialyzed patients: one comprised of diabetics and the other of non-diabetics. For inflammation, the following serum markers were determined: interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), tumoral necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), IL-6 soluble receptor (sIL-6R), NGAL (human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin), and interleukin 10 (IL-10). Serum tumoral necrosis factor \u03b2 (TNF-\u03b2) was determined as a cellular immune response marker. Tissue regeneration capacity was studied using neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and vascular endothelial growth factor \u03b2 (VEGF-\u03b2) serum levels. The results showed important IL-6 and sIL-6R increases in both groups, especially in the diabetic patient group. IL-6 generates trans-signaling at the cellular level through sIL-6R, with proinflammatory and anti-regenerative effects, confirmed through a significant reduction in NT-3 and VEGF-\u03b2. Our results suggest that the high serum level of IL-6 significantly influences IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b2, NT-3, VEGF-\u03b2, and IL-10 behavior. Our study is the first that we know of that investigates NT-3 in this patient category. Moreover, we investigated VEGF-\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b2 serum behavior, whereas most of the existing data cover only VEGF-\u03b1 and TNF-\u03b1 in hemodialyzed patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci12020031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T06:29:43Z","timestamp":1718605783000},"page":"31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Interleukin-6 as a Director of Immunological Events and Tissue Regenerative Capacity in Hemodialyzed Diabetes Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maria-Florina","family":"Trandafir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathophysiology and Immunology Department, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5674-3810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Octavian","family":"Savu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cN.C. Paulescu\u201d National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 020475 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Pasarica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathophysiology and Immunology Department, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9031-338X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Coralia","family":"Bleotu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cStefan S. Nicolau\u201d Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Gheorghiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathophysiology and Immunology Department, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"The International Nephrology Society Website (2023, March 30). New Global Kidney Health Report Sheds Light on Current Capacity around the World to Deliver Kidney Care. 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