{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T14:46:40Z","timestamp":1766155600975,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. While liver metastasis is common, brain metastasis (BM) is rare, occurring in 0.1% to 14% of cases. Risk factors for BM include lung metastasis at diagnosis, rectal cancer, and mutations in RAS and KRAS genes. Due to its rarity, guidelines for BM screening and treatment are limited. The aim of this study is to identify the clinical characteristics and predictors of BM at the time of the initial diagnosis of CRC. Methods: We evaluated patients \u226518 years old with metastatic colorectal cancer and brain metastases at diagnosis from the SEER database (2010\u20132021). A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze overall survival and predictive factors for brain metastasis, utilizing multivariate logistic regression, Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analysis, and the Cox proportional hazards models, with p-values &lt; 0.05 considered significant. Results: Out of 24,703 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), 228 (0.92%) had brain metastasis (BM) at diagnosis. BM was more prevalent in average-onset mCRC (\u226550 years) compared to early-onset (&lt;50 years) (1% vs. 0.55%, p = 0.004). Certain factors, such as older age and adenocarcinoma subtype, were associated with BM. Additionally, Asians\/Pacific-Islanders (HR 1.83 CI: 1.01-3-33, p = 0.045) and American Indians\/Alaska Natives (HR 4.79 CI 1.15\u201319.97, p = 0.032) had higher mortality rates, while surgical treatment and chemotherapy were linked to decreased mortality. Patients with BM had significantly worse overall survival (6 months vs. 21 months, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: BM in mCRC is uncommon, but it is associated with significantly worse outcomes, including markedly reduced overall survival. Our study highlights several critical factors associated with the presence of BM, such as older age and specific racial\/ethnic groups, which may inform risk stratification and early-detection strategies. Our findings emphasize the need for heightened awareness and screening for BM in high-risk mCRC patients, as well as the inclusion of these patients in clinical trials to explore tailored therapeutic approaches aimed at improving survival and quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci12030047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T10:07:35Z","timestamp":1725271655000},"page":"47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Survival Analysis, Clinical Characteristics, and Predictors of Cerebral Metastases in Patients with Colorectal Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6422-5063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Jeri-Yabar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Morningside\/West, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Vittini-Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Morningside\/West, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6085-7431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerry K.","family":"Benites-Meza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociedad Cient\u00edfica de Estudiantes de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13001, Peru"},{"name":"Grupo Peruano de Investigaci\u00f3n Epidemiol\u00f3gica, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Generaci\u00f3n y S\u00edntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15012, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Prado-Nu\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21772","article-title":"Colorectal cancer statistics, 2023","volume":"73","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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