{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:30:36Z","timestamp":1760146236334,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Neutropenia is a frequent complication among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy and antimicrobial prophylaxis. However, there are limited studies analysing the frequency and impact of neutropenia in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Our aim was to analyse the frequency of neutropenia, the need for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) treatment within the first 18 months post-transplant and its association with acute rejection, chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), overall survival and the development of infections. Methods: This observational and retrospective study recruited 305 patients who underwent lung transplantation between 2009 and 2019, with outpatient quarterly follow-up during the first 18 months post-surgery.Results: During this period, 51.8% of patients experienced at least one episode of neutropenia. Neutropenia was classified as mild in 50.57% of cases, moderate in 36.88% and severe in 12.54%. GCSF treatment was indicated in 23.28% of patients, with a mean dose of 3.53 units. No statistically significant association was observed between neutropenia or its severity and the development of acute rejection, CLAD or overall survival. However, the patients who received GCSF treatment had a higher mortality rate compared to those who did not. Sixteen patients (5.25%) developed infections during neutropenia, with bacterial infections being the most common. Conclusions: Neutropenia is common in the first 18 months after lung transplantation and most episodes are mild. We did not find an association between neutropenia and acute rejection, CLAD, or mortality. However, the use of GCSF were associated with worse post-transplant survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci12040056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T07:58:32Z","timestamp":1729065512000},"page":"56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of Neutropenia on Clinical Outcomes after Lung Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Raquel","family":"Sanabrias Fern\u00e1ndez de Sevilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2460-4414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Concepci\u00f3n","family":"S\u00e1nchez Cervi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosal\u00eda","family":"Laporta Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3879-9298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myriam","family":"Aguilar P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Garc\u00eda Fadul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2095-5109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarela","family":"Garc\u00eda-Masedo Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiological Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"S\u00e1nchez Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Piedad","family":"Ussetti Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2008.00893.x","article-title":"Management of leukopenia in kidney and pancreas transplant recipients","volume":"22","author":"Hartmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. 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Pharm. Pract."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2023.02.1459","article-title":"(1249) Impact of Neutropenia and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Treatment in Lung Transplant Recipients","volume":"42","author":"Sanabrias","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"884","article-title":"What\u2019s New: Updates on Cytomegalovirus in Solid Organ Transplantation","volume":"108","author":"Stewart","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13634","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13634","article-title":"Factors associated with neutropenia post heart transplantation","volume":"23","author":"Chow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transpl. Infect. 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Antibiotic and Chemotherapy, Elsevier B.V.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-4064-1.00040-3"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14227","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.14227","article-title":"Incidence of valganciclovir-related leukopenia and neutropenia in solid organ transplant recipients at high risk of cytomegalovirus disease","volume":"26","author":"Belga","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transpl. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3271\/12\/4\/56\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:14:07Z","timestamp":1760112847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3271\/12\/4\/56"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["medsci12040056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medsci12040056","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3271"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-3271"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]}}}