{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T16:04:29Z","timestamp":1787587469924,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is a respiratory disorder characterized by cessation of breathing during sleep, resulting in daytime somnolence and various comorbidities. SAHS encompasses obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), caused by upper airway obstruction, and central sleep apnea (CSA), resulting from lack of brainstem signaling for respiration. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the gold standard treatment for SAHS, reducing apnea and hypopnea episodes by providing continuous airflow. CPAP enhances sleep quality and improves overall health by reducing the risk of comorbidities such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and stroke. CPAP nonadherence leads to health deterioration and occurs due to mask discomfort, unsupportive partners, upper respiratory dryness, and claustrophobia. Technological advancements such as auto-titrating positive airway pressure (APAP) systems, smart fit mask interface systems, and telemonitoring devices offer patients greater comfort and enhance adherence. Future research should focus on new technological developments, such as artificial intelligence, which may detect treatment failure and alert providers to intervene accordingly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci13010004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T13:26:25Z","timestamp":1735651585000},"page":"4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Long-Term Management of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome: Efficacy and Challenges of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2845-4521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zishan","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Caribbean Medical University, Rosemont, IL 60018, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahsan","family":"Nazim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro 76060, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palvi","family":"Mroke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Caribbean Medical University, Rosemont, IL 60018, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6286-3332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khansa","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro 76060, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7619-3836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MD Parbej","family":"Allam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1904-7509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aakash","family":"Mahato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan 56700, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahveer","family":"Maheshwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro 76060, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Sanchez","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Baig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Methodist West Hospital, Houston, TX 77094, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2237-9536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"Calderon Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20055","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020055","article-title":"Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome caused by ankylosing spondylitis A case report","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, H., Liu, D., Zhao, J., Chen, Z., Gou, C., Huang, X., Sun, J., and Zhao, X. 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