{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:19:20Z","timestamp":1780499960668,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vietnam National University","award":["QGSP.2022.03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QGSP.2022.03"]}]},{"name":"Hanoi National University","award":["QGSP.2022.03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QGSP.2022.03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of adverse reactions to the COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant and breastfeeding women and identify associated demographic and clinical factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam, from November 2021 to March 2022. A total of 1204 participants, including 991 pregnant women beyond 13 weeks of gestation and 213 breastfeeding women, were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire designed to capture demographic information and adverse reactions occurring within seven to 28 days post-vaccination. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, Fisher\u2019s exact tests, and logistic regression, were performed using Stata 16.0, with the significance set at p &lt; 0.05. Results: The most common adverse reactions were localized pain at the injection site (26.2%), dizziness and fatigue (19.2%), and fever below 39 \u00b0C (29.1%). Severe adverse reactions, such as a tight throat, coma, and premature birth, were rare. A multivariate analysis identified the significant factors associated with the adverse reactions, including age (aOR = 2.04 for participants aged 36\u201340 years), occupation (lower odds for farmers and business professionals), urban residency (aOR = 0.64), and a history of allergies (aOR = 1.59). Education level, number of children, and gestational age were not significantly associated with adverse events. Conclusions: The findings support the safety of the COVID-19 vaccine in pregnant and breastfeeding women, with most of the adverse reactions being mild and self-limiting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci13020038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T05:43:33Z","timestamp":1743572613000},"page":"38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Safety of and Adverse Reactions to the COVID-19 Vaccine Among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nguyen Thi Minh","family":"Thanh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Expert Examination Department, Hanoi Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le Thi","family":"Hang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai Trong","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanoi Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran Hoa","family":"Phuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Training and Direction of Healthcare Activities Center, Hanoi Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1888-6714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen Thi Phuong","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Basic Science in Medicine and Pharmacy, VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mac Dang","family":"Tuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health, VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9670-5563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen Xuan","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Duy","family":"Anh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-021-06049-z","article-title":"A systematic review of pregnant women with COVID-19 and their neonates","volume":"304","author":"Mirbeyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. 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