{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:30:26Z","timestamp":1777501826744,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Frozen Elephant Trunk (FET) technique is indicated in acute aortic syndromes with arch involvement and malperfusion of tissues. We sought to report on long-term outcomes of FET in emergent cases of acute aortic syndromes. Methods: Twenty-three adult patients were referred to our department for surgical management of acute aortic syndromes and underwent aortic arch replacement using the FET technique between November 2010 and January 2022. The primary outcome was long-term survival. Secondary outcomes were the 30-day mortality rate and the incidence of neurologic complications, i.e., stroke and spinal cord ischemia. Results: The mean patient age was 57.1 (\u00b112.5) years, and the majority (20 patients, 87%) were male. The most common indication was Stanford type A acute aortic dissection (aTAAD) in 17 (74%) patients, followed by non-A non-B dissection in 2 (8.7%) patients, penetrating aortic ulcer (PAU) of the aortic arch in 2 (8.7%) patients, type A intramural hematoma (IMH) in 1 (4.3%) patient and blunt thoracic aortic injury of the aortic arch in 1 (4.3%) patient. Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analysis revealed a 73% survival at 12 months, which persisted up to 11 years of follow-up. Conclusion: The FET technique provides a reliable solution for surgical management of patients with acute aortic syndromes. Excellent, sustained long-term results can be achieved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci13020052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T07:44:23Z","timestamp":1746171863000},"page":"52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sustained Long-Term Results with Minimal Reintervention Rates in Patients with Frozen Elephant Trunk and Acute Aortic Syndromes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9238-5811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippos-Paschalis","family":"Rorris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2453-2664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos F.","family":"Pitros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Vascular Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75000 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0696-695X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantine N.","family":"Antonopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Vascular Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75000 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1836-7287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Papakonstantinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Kokotsaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pantelis","family":"Tsipas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 401 General Military Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilias","family":"Gissis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kokotsakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2018.09.016","article-title":"Editor\u2019s Choice\u2014Current Options and Recommendations for the Treatment of Thoracic Aortic Pathologies Involving the Aortic Arch: An Expert Consensus Document of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) & the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS)","volume":"57","author":"Czerny","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.21037\/acs-2020-fet-25","article-title":"Results of frozen elephant trunk from the international E-vita Open registry","volume":"9","author":"Tsagakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2022.01.034","article-title":"E-Vita OPEN NEO Hybrid Stent Graft: A New Frontier for Total Arch Replacement","volume":"84","author":"Rorris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.10.031","article-title":"Neurologic complications after the frozen elephant trunk procedure: A meta-analysis of more than 3000 patients","volume":"160","author":"Preventza","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.03.039","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid drainage during thoracic aortic repair: Safety and current management","volume":"88","author":"Estrera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."}],"container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3271\/13\/2\/52\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:25:45Z","timestamp":1760030745000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3271\/13\/2\/52"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["medsci13020052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medsci13020052","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3271","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]}}}