{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:10:05Z","timestamp":1790345405134,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming diagnostic approaches in different fields of medical sciences, demonstrating an emerging potential to revolutionize dermatopathology due to its capacity to process large amounts of data in the shortest possible time, both for diagnosis and research purposes. Different AI models have been applied to neoplastic skin diseases, especially melanoma. However, to date, very few studies have investigated the role of AI in dermatoses. Herein, we provide an overview of the key aspects of AI and its functioning, focusing on medical applications. Then, we summarize all the existing English-language literature about AI applications in the field of non-neoplastic skin diseases: superficial perivascular dermatitis, psoriasis, fungal infections, onychomycosis, immunohistochemical characterization of inflammatory dermatoses, and differential diagnosis between the latter and mycosis fungoides (MF). Finally, we discuss the main challenges related to AI implementation in pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci13020070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T12:27:09Z","timestamp":1748867229000},"page":"70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Artificial Intelligence in the Histopathological Assessment of Non-Neoplastic Skin Disorders: A Narrative Review with Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5116-2484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Della Mura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8458-8648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Sorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4676-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Colagrande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9090-6380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maged","family":"Daruish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Dorchester DT1 2JY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4792-3545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Ingravallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1744-783X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Massaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, LUM-Libera Universit\u00e0 Mediterranea \u201cGiuseppe Degennaro\u201d, S.S. 100-Km-18, Parco il Baricentro, 70010 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0325-4316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Cazzato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3287-7299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmelo","family":"Lupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Bergamo, 24127 Bergamo, Italy"},{"name":"Diapath SpA, 24057 Martinengo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4861-0727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Casatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diapath SpA, 24057 Martinengo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4768-8431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Ribatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4567-8216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Vacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinare Ricerca Telemedicina-CITEL, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-023-5845-2","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in healthcare and education","volume":"234","author":"Dave","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. 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