{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T15:58:38Z","timestamp":1764172718184,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Current Research Fund 2025, Ministry of Health, Italy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder mainly affecting young adults and can greatly impair quality of life (QoL). Among its often overlooked but significant symptoms are bowel dysfunctions (BD), such as constipation and fecal incontinence, which can impact physical, emotional, and social well-being, especially in younger patients. This study aims to investigate the impact of BD on the QoL in young adults diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and mild disability. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study examined the effect of BD on QoL in 110 young adults with RRMS and mild disability (EDSS \u2264 3.5). Bowel symptoms were assessed using the Wexner Incontinence and Constipation Scales, while QoL was measured with the MSQoL-54 questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed to examine correlations between BD severity and QoL domains. Results: Our findings showed significant correlations between the severity of intestinal symptoms and different domains of QoL, like physical functioning, emotional well-being, and social functioning. Abdominal pain and liquid fecal incontinence were especially linked to lower mental and physical health scores. Subgroup analyses also indicated gender-specific vulnerabilities, with women showing distinct effects on social and emotional dimensions. Conclusion: BD represents an important burden on bowel dysfunctions for young people with MS, deeply impacting various dimensions of QoL. This underscores an urgent need for an integrated, multidisciplinary care model that tackles physical symptoms but also psychological and social challenges. A holistic clinical strategy is vital to improving the overall well-being of this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci13030123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T17:22:07Z","timestamp":1754932927000},"page":"123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bowel Dysfunctions in Young Adults with Multiple Sclerosis: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Sessa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0282-405X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilla","family":"Bonanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2507-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Susinna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Ivaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4999-1683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Triolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4619-910X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giangaetano","family":"D\u2019Aleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"Rifici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Lo Buono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200106000-00003","article-title":"Axonal and neuronal degeneration in multiple sclerosis: Mechanisms and functional consequences","volume":"14","author":"Bjartmar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. 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