{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T16:28:18Z","timestamp":1788366498530,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The reciprocal relationship between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and pregnancy continues to elude the scientific community\u2019s approaches for a clear understanding. Multiple studies have reached dissimilar results regarding the impact that SLE exerts on pregnancy, whilst the potential risks of lupus pregnancies continue to encumber women of childbearing age. Whether SLE predisposes to a complicated pregnancy and conversely whether pregnancy impacts the progression of the disease is aimed to be assessed by this systematic review. Methods: A thorough search of original research articles was conducted using online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar), initially identifying 877 potential studies. Results: Upon further assessment for relevance and eligibility, 65 articles were selected for detailed analysis. Conclusions: We concluded that, even though advanced approaches have optimized SLE prognosis and treatment, the complexity of the disease requires further extensive study in order to grasp the mechanism behind the susceptibility to adverse complications. SLE pregnancy cannot be considered without risk. Comprehensive, multidisciplinary, and continuous monitoring of the disease course prior to, during, and after pregnancy is necessary to ensure optimal recovery and minimal maternal and fetal complications. Tailored treatments and novel biomarkers would move us towards precise patient-centered care that addresses each patient\u2019s unique disease profile and pregnancy needs, ultimately improving both maternal and fetal outcomes in women with systemic lupus erythematosus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci13030174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T08:08:46Z","timestamp":1756973326000},"page":"174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9296-3688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angeliki","family":"Gerede","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2177-953X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efthymios","family":"Oikonomou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofoklis","family":"Stavros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital \u201cATTIKON\u201d, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7716-1521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios","family":"Potiris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital \u201cATTIKON\u201d, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2153-2818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiota","family":"Papasozomenou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Science, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menelaos","family":"Zafrakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Science, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8899-3040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterini","family":"Domali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Nikolettos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4967-2505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makarios","family":"Eleutheriades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital \u201cAretaieion\u201d, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-013-0375-7","article-title":"Low-Density Granulocytes: A Distinct Class of Neutrophils in Systemic Autoimmunity","volume":"35","author":"Kaplan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. 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