{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:57:38Z","timestamp":1792119458838,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is characterized by impaired ventricular relaxation and increased chamber stiffness during diastole, resulting in increased left ventricular filling pressures. It represents a highly prevalent yet frequently underdiagnosed cardiac condition with significant clinical implications, serving as a major contributor to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), particularly among elderly individuals and those with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, or coronary artery disease. Multiple studies have identified the progression of LVDD as a marker of adverse prognosis, associated with increased morbidity and mortality, highlighting the importance of early recognition and targeted therapeutic strategies to improve diastolic function and clinical outcomes. This review summarizes the pathophysiology, current diagnostic strategies, and treatment options for LVDD, emphasizing its importance in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci13030204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T13:04:44Z","timestamp":1758546284000},"page":"204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Unmasking Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3437-3780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantina","family":"Vlasopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8516-1177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Synetos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"School of Medicine, European University of Cyprus, 2404 Egkomi, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0995-7015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Ktenopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7684-3245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Odysseas","family":"Katsaros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7966-9174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonidas","family":"Koliastasis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2616-7952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios","family":"Apostolos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Drakopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Toutouzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7636-6725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantinos","family":"Tsioufis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew082","article-title":"Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"17","author":"Nagueh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. 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