{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T11:57:55Z","timestamp":1762257475435,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) is a useful therapeutic option for chronic shoulder pain, although the synergistic use of corticosteroids with anesthetics to prolong its effect is a controversial topic. The primary objective of this study was to compare the evolution of pain and functionality using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire between patients treated with SSNB with corticosteroids (cSSNB) and without them (sSSNB). Methods: A retrospective, observational, longitudinal, analytical cohort study was conducted in 28 patients (14 n per group) aged 50\u201380 years who had undergone SSNB with 4 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine and 40 mg\/mL triamcinolone during 2024 for chronic shoulder pain lasting more than 6 months. The variables to be collected were VAS, DASH, range of motion (ROM) and Lattinen Index (LI) at baseline, the first and the third month. Patients were grouped according to the type of SSNB (cSSNB vs. sSSNB) and analyzed longitudinally and cross-sectionally using IBM-SPSS Statistics version 28.0.0. Results: Regarding pain, the cSSNB obtained a significant reduction in the median VAS of 4 points in the first month (p = 0.001) and in the third month (p = 0.002). In addition, significantly lower evaluations in VAS were obtained in the third month of 3 points (p = 0.04) in favor of the cSSNB. Regarding functionality, a reduction in evaluations with respect to the initial DASH were observed only in the cSSNB, with a difference in the first month of 21.80 points (p = 0.001) and 21.35 points (p = 0.003) in the third month. In addition, differences between groups were found, in favor of the cSSNB, of 19.20 points (p = 0.017) in the first month and 12.55 points (p = 0.012) in the third month. Conclusions: The combined use of corticosteroids in SSNB appears to be associated with better short-to medium-term outcomes in terms of pain and function, compared to the use of SSNB without corticosteroids in chronic rotator cuff pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci13040252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:55:22Z","timestamp":1762178122000},"page":"252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Corticosteroids in Suprascapular Nerve Block on Pain and Function in Chronic Rotator Cuff Disease: A Retrospective, Observational, Longitudinal, Analytical Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7308-6524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Paz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interlevel Clinical Management Unit of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba and Guadalquivir Health District, 14011 Cordoba, Spain"},{"name":"Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1669-5728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Bel\u00e9n","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interlevel Clinical Management Unit of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba and Guadalquivir Health District, 14011 Cordoba, Spain"},{"name":"Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7322-6619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Hidalgo-Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5680-759X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Nieves","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Alcaraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interlevel Clinical Management Unit of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba and Guadalquivir Health District, 14011 Cordoba, Spain"},{"name":"Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2637-1112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Pe\u00f1a-Amaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphological and Socio Sanitary Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1098-3074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Jes\u00fas","family":"Mayordomo-Riera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interlevel Clinical Management Unit of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba and Guadalquivir Health District, 14011 Cordoba, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03665-9","article-title":"Shoulder Range of Movement in the General Population: Age and Gender Stratified Normative Data Using a Community-Based Cohort","volume":"21","author":"Gill","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05973-8","article-title":"A Systematic Review of the Global Prevalence and Incidence of Shoulder Pain","volume":"23","author":"Lucas","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aprim.2022.102284","article-title":"Protocolo de fisioterapia y educaci\u00f3n para la salud en dolor cr\u00f3nico de hombro de origen musculoesquel\u00e9tico. Experiencia en atenci\u00f3n primaria","volume":"54","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atenci\u00f3n Primaria"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2025, July 08). Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy\u2014UpToDate. Available online: https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/rotator-cuff-tendinopathy?search=rotator%20cuff%20tendinopathy&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~46&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H17."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s40945-021-00119-w","article-title":"Shoulder Pain Prevalence by Age and within Occupational Groups: A Systematic Review","volume":"11","author":"Hodgetts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Physiother."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2024.103103","article-title":"How Long Does Tendinopathy Last If Left Untreated? Natural History of the Main Tendinopathies Affecting the Upper and Lower Limb: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"72","author":"Cook","year":"2024","journal-title":"Musculoskelet. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Iriarte, \u00cd., Pedret, C., Balius, R., and Cerezal, L. (2020). Patolog\u00eda del manguito de los rotadores. Ecograf\u00eda Musculoesquel\u00e9tica: Exploraci\u00f3n Anat\u00f3mica y Patolog\u00eda, Editorial M\u00e9dica Panamericana. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-07044-y","article-title":"Effect of a Patient Engagement, Education and Restructuring of Cognitions (PEERC) Approach on Conservative Care in Rotator Cuff Related Shoulder Pain Treatment: A Randomized Control Trial","volume":"24","author":"Myers","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2025, July 18). Suprascapular Nerve Injury, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK559151\/."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-024-05350-1","article-title":"Current Research Trends on the Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Rotator Cuff Tendon Healing\/Tendinopathy","volume":"144","author":"Yoon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma. Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2022.101631","article-title":"Risk Factors for Rotator Cuff Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diabetes, Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia","volume":"66","author":"Giri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Phys. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Ortigosa, E. (2018). Bloqueo ecoguiado del nervio supraescapular. Ecograf\u00eda en el Tratamiento del Dolor Cr\u00f3nico, Aelor. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"581","article-title":"A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Ultrasound-Guided Versus Landmark-Guided Suprascapular Nerve Block in Chronic Shoulder Pain: A Prospective Randomized Study","volume":"23","author":"Saglam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2029581","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.29581","article-title":"Comparison of Treatments for Frozen Shoulder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"3","author":"Challoumas","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"445","article-title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Suprascapular Nerve Block in the Relief of Acute Post-Operative Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"19","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2022.02.004","article-title":"Peripheral Nerve Injections","volume":"33","author":"Ori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Rehabil. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2018-100152","article-title":"Anatomical Study of the Innervation of Glenohumeral and Acromioclavicular Joint Capsules: Implications for Image-Guided Intervention","volume":"44","author":"Tran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"(2025, July 14). Suprascapular Nerve Block, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK580556\/."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.5397\/cise.2021.00661","article-title":"Role of Suprascapular Nerve Block in Idiopathic Frozen Shoulder Treatment: A Clinical Trial Survey","volume":"25","author":"Nabi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Shoulder Elb."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723664","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.723664","article-title":"Effectiveness of Suprascapular Nerve Block in the Treatment of Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"(2025, July 18). Anest\u00e9sicos Locales. Available online: https:\/\/arydol.com\/temas\/neuroestimulacion\/generalidades\/anestesicos-locales\/."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2025, July 20). Analgesic Adjuvants in the Peripheral Nervous System. Available online: https:\/\/www.nysora.com\/es\/temas\/farmacolog%C3%ADa\/adyuvantes-analg%C3%A9sicos-sistema-nervioso-perif%C3%A9rico\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"(2025, July 18). Corticoides Como Adyuvantes en los Bloqueos Nerviosos Perif\u00e9ricos. Available online: https:\/\/dolopedia.com\/categoria\/corticoides-como-adyuvantes-en-los-bloqueos-nerviosos-perifericos."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2022.06.001","article-title":"Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Suppression Confers the Prolonged Analgesic Effect of Sciatic Nerve Block with Perineural Dexamethasone in Postoperative Pain Model Mice","volume":"23","author":"Matsuda","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"CD011770","article-title":"Dexamethasone as an Adjuvant to Peripheral Nerve Block","volume":"11","author":"Pehora","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.21390","article-title":"Efficacy of Perineural versus Intravenous Dexamethasone in Prolonging the Duration of Analgesia When Administered with Peripheral Nerve Blocks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"75","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2330458","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.23.30458","article-title":"Local and Systemic Side Effects of Corticosteroid Injections for Musculoskeletal Indications","volume":"222","author":"Kamel","year":"2024","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.05.024","article-title":"Drug-Induced Hypertension: An Unappreciated Cause of Secondary Hypertension","volume":"125","author":"Grossman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2022.05.016","article-title":"The Effect of Steroid Injection into the Shoulder on Glycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Safran","year":"2022","journal-title":"JSES Int."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"(2025, August 06). Local Anesthetic Toxicity, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK499964\/."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"25","article-title":"Toxicity of Local Anaesthetic Agents","volume":"3","author":"Byrne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Anaesth. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158.e1\u2013158.e28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2008.12.001","article-title":"Mejorar la comunicaci\u00f3n de estudios observacionales en epidemiolog\u00eda (STROBE): Explicaci\u00f3n y elaboraci\u00f3n","volume":"23","author":"Vandenbroucke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gac. Sanit."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06173-8","article-title":"Positive Effects of Neuromuscular Exercises on Pain and Active Range of Motion in Idiopathic Frozen Shoulder: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8149","DOI":"10.5867\/medwave.2021.03.8149","article-title":"Minimal Clinically Important Difference: The Basics","volume":"21","author":"Meza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medwave"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"125","article-title":"Diferencia m\u00ednima cl\u00ednicamente importante en algunas escalas de medici\u00f3n utilizadas en enfermedades musculoesquel\u00e9ticas","volume":"21","author":"Cardona","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Colomb. Reumatol"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1157\/13093053","article-title":"Versi\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola del cuestionario DASH. Adaptaci\u00f3n transcultural, fiabilidad, validez y sensibilidad a los cambios","volume":"127","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Clin."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02470-x","article-title":"Corticosteroids or Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections for Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study","volume":"16","author":"Dadgostar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"(1966). Measurements of the Shoulder Girdle\u2014Shoulder. Joint Motion: Method of Measuring and Recording, Churchill Livingstone. Reprinted."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"181","article-title":"Validaci\u00f3n del \u00edndice de Lattinen para la evaluaci\u00f3n del paciente con dolor cr\u00f3nico","volume":"19","author":"Camba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"228","article-title":"Valoraci\u00f3n del dolor. Revisi\u00f3n comparativa de escalas y cuestionarios","volume":"25","author":"Vicente","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez, J., Tejedor, A., and Carrascal, R. (2023). Herramientas \u00datiles: Escalas y Cuestionarios. La Atenci\u00f3n al Paciente con Dolor Cr\u00f3nico no Oncol\u00f3gico (DCNO) en Atenci\u00f3n Primaria (AP), Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de M\u00e9dicos Generales y de Familia (SEMG)."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"(2024, August 14). GRANMO. Available online: https:\/\/www.datarus.eu\/aplicaciones\/granmo\/."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enfi.2021.03.004","article-title":"T\u00e9cnicas de muestreo y c\u00e1lculo del tama\u00f1o muestral: C\u00f3mo y cu\u00e1ntos participantes debo seleccionar para mi investigaci\u00f3n","volume":"33","author":"Arrogante","year":"2022","journal-title":"Enfermer\u00eda Intensiv."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"(2025, August 26). C\u00e1lculo Del Tama\u00f1o Muestral. Available online: https:\/\/www.uclm.es\/en\/misiones\/investigacion\/serviciosinvestigacion\/portaleticacientifica\/ceea\/calculo-del-tamano-muestral."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"(2025, August 26). Recursos Para La Investigaci\u00f3n. Available online: https:\/\/apisal.es\/Investigacion\/recursos.htm."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.023","article-title":"Chronic Pain: A Review of Its Epidemiology and Associated Factors in Population-Based Studies","volume":"123","author":"Mills","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hno. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"afae107","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae107","article-title":"Age-Associated Changes in Multimodal Pain Perception","volume":"53","author":"Zhi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2024.27.415","article-title":"Comparison of the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Suprascapular Nerve Blocks and Intraarticular Corticosteroid Injections for Frozen Shoulder: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"27","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463721992091","article-title":"A Systematic Review of the Methods and Drugs Used for Performing Suprascapular Nerve Block Injections for the Non-Surgical Management of Chronic Shoulder Pain","volume":"15","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-025-04287-4","article-title":"Does a Suprascapular Nerve Block Reduce Chronic Shoulder Pain at 3 Months Compared to Standard Non-Operative Care? A Systematic Review","volume":"35","author":"Scattergood","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthop. Surg. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000248","article-title":"Combination of Dexamethasone and Local Anaesthetic Solution in Peripheral Nerve Blocks: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials","volume":"32","author":"Huynh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2024.02.014","article-title":"Effectiveness of Adding Dexamethasone to Lidocaine in Upper Limbs Nerve Blocks: A Systematic Review","volume":"40","author":"Rafiei","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Perianesth. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.joacp_284_24","article-title":"Comparison of Efficacy of Suprascapular Nerve Block Using Local Anaesthetic and Two Different Doses of Steroid in Cervical Radicular Pain","volume":"41","author":"Malhotra","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Anaesthesiol. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.5.400","article-title":"Suprascapular Nerve Block (Using Bupivacaine and Methylprednisolone Acetate) in Chronic Shoulder Pain","volume":"62","author":"Shanahan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"15","article-title":"Efficacy of Ultrasound Guided Suprascapular Block in Patients with Chronic Shoulder Pain: Observational, Retrospective Study","volume":"70","author":"Afonso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz. J. Anestesiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-020-03455-x","article-title":"A Prospective, Comparative Study of Subacromial Corticosteroid Injection and Subacromial Corticosteroid Injection plus Suprascapular Nerve Block in Patients with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome","volume":"141","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"41","article-title":"Antinociception Induced by Chronic Glucocorticoid Treatment Is Correlated to Local Modulation of Spinal Neurotransmitter Content","volume":"5","author":"Moreira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Pain"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pzae033","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzae033","article-title":"Minimal Clinically Important Difference of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and the Shortened Version of the DASH (QuickDASH) in People with Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"104","author":"Galardini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benzon, H.T., Elmofty, D., Shankar, H., Rana, M., Chadwick, A.L., Shah, S., Souza, D., Nagpal, A.S., Abdi, S., and Rafla, C. (2024). Use of Corticosteroids for Adult Chronic Pain Interventions: Sympathetic and Peripheral Nerve Blocks, Trigger Point Injections\u2014Guidelines from the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, the American Academy of Pain Medicine, the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians and the International Pain and Spine Intervention Society. Reg. Anesth. Pain Med., rapm-2024-105593.","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2024-105593"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2022.0026","article-title":"Suprascapular Nerve Blockage for Painful Shoulder Pathology\u2014A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Treatment Techniques","volume":"105","author":"Batten","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annals"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.26603\/ijspt20181083","article-title":"Supraspinatus tendon pathomechanics: A current concepts review","volume":"13","author":"Spargoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23800","article-title":"Effects of Shoulder Abduction on the Stiffness of Supraspinatus Muscle Regions in Rotator Cuff Tear","volume":"35","author":"Sakaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"216","article-title":"Utilidad del \u00cdndice de Lattinen (IL) en la evaluaci\u00f3n del dolor cr\u00f3nico: Relaciones con afrontamiento y calidad de vida","volume":"13","author":"Monsalve","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor"}],"container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3271\/13\/4\/252\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T11:49:36Z","timestamp":1762256976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3271\/13\/4\/252"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["medsci13040252"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medsci13040252","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3271"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-3271"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]}}}