{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T09:06:08Z","timestamp":1764752768972,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Hepatitis C (HC) remains a major public health concern, affecting approximately 50 million people globally. In addition to hepatic damage, HC induces extrahepatic manifestations (EHMs), including oral conditions such as oral lichen planus (OLP), xerostomia, and Sj\u00f6gren syndrome-like (SS-like), which impair quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between certain extrahepatic manifestations of HC and the presence of risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 38 adults (22 males and 16 females; mean age 56.5 \u00b1 8.6 years) with inactive HC. For each patient, demographic and clinical data were collected, including the following: frequency of dental brushing, frequency of professional dental hygiene visits, smoking, alcohol consumption, the presence of xerostomia, OLP, and SS-like. Logistic regression analyses and ROC curves were performed using R software to identify independent predictors for each condition. Results: OLP was present in 39.5%, xerostomia in 47.4%, and SS-like in 15.8% of patients. Female gender significantly predicted OLP and showed a borderline association with xerostomia. Smoking was weakly associated with xerostomia. No predictors were significant for SS-like. Conclusions: Oral hygiene and smoking are risk factors for oral EHM, their good control being important for the quality of life of these patients. Gender has also been shown to be a risk factor for these manifestations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci13040298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T08:44:28Z","timestamp":1764751468000},"page":"298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of Oral Hygiene Behavioral and Demographic Risk Factors for Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mihai","family":"Oprea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Doctoral School, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreea","family":"C\u00e2ndea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0649-9426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Roman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3385-098X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ion","family":"Rogoveanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allma Roxana","family":"Pitru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Research Center of Periodontal-Systemic Interactions, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5675-1741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudiu Marinel","family":"Ionele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1569-1601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorin Nicolae","family":"Gheorghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Research Center of Periodontal-Systemic Interactions, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4675-4292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia Mirela","family":"Nicolae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Research Center of Periodontal-Systemic Interactions, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dora Maria","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Research Center of Periodontal-Systemic Interactions, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1374-276X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adina","family":"Turcu-Stiolica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Statistical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergiu","family":"Ciobanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Odontology, Periodontology and Oral Pathology, \u201cNicolae Testemitanu\u201d State University of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Republic of Moldova, MD-2004 Chisinau, Moldova"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Surlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Research Center of Periodontal-Systemic Interactions, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025, October 01). 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