{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T06:16:29Z","timestamp":1765260989628,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Research Support Foundation of the State of Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APQ 02040-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ 02040-18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CAPES: code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAPES: code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CNPq code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are associated with altered masticatory muscle function and pain. Although electromyographic parameters have been extensively studied, the rate of force development (RFD) remains an underexplored biomarker in this context. Objective: Analyze the RFD differences in women diagnosed with and without TMD. As a secondary outcome, the masseter and temporalis muscle pre-activation values were compared between groups based on the biting force onset. Additionally, neuromuscular efficiency analysis was also performed. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 62 medical records (41 with TMD, 21 controls) was conducted. Electromyographic activity and bite force were measured during three 5-s maximal biting tasks using synchronized surface electromyography (sEMG) and a laboratory-grade load cell. RFD was computed from force\u2013time curves. Muscle pre-activation was assessed based on sEMG activity immediately preceding contraction onset. Results: The TMD group showed a significantly smaller RFD (mean = 85.5 N\/s) compared to controls (mean = 109.0 N\/s; p = 0.03; Cohen\u2019s d = 0.5). No significant differences were found in neuromuscular efficiency and pre-activation or post-activation levels of the masseter and temporalis muscles between groups. Conclusions: RFD distinguishes women with TMD from healthy controls and may represent a sensitive biomechanical marker of neuromuscular adaptation in TMD, although confirmatory studies are needed. The absence of neuromuscular efficiency and pre-activation differences suggests compensatory neuromuscular mechanisms. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and explore clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci13040306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T09:17:36Z","timestamp":1765185456000},"page":"306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring New Frontiers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Explosive Phase and Muscle Activation During Maximal Biting in Women with Temporomandibular Disorder and Orofacial Pain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5073-055X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca Rossi","family":"Botim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group\u2014NIME, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Av. Moacir Paleta 1167, Governador Valadares 36036-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5815-9952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayra Evelise Cunha","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group\u2014NIME, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Av. Moacir Paleta 1167, Governador Valadares 36036-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9469-8332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur Ferreira","family":"Esqu\u00edrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group\u2014NIME, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Av. Moacir Paleta 1167, Governador Valadares 36036-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kariny Realino do Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group\u2014NIME, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Av. Moacir Paleta 1167, Governador Valadares 36036-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Clara","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group\u2014NIME, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Av. Moacir Paleta 1167, Governador Valadares 36036-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7205-9685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Alves","family":"Godinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group\u2014NIME, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Av. Moacir Paleta 1167, Governador Valadares 36036-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria de C\u00e1ssia Souza","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group\u2014NIME, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Av. Moacir Paleta 1167, Governador Valadares 36036-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tha\u00eds Carvalho","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group\u2014NIME, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Av. Moacir Paleta 1167, Governador Valadares 36036-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Lopes","family":"Gama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group\u2014NIME, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Av. Moacir Paleta 1167, Governador Valadares 36036-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2989-7574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle Cristina Sales Almeida","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group\u2014NIME, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Av. Moacir Paleta 1167, Governador Valadares 36036-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7862-1737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Wesley Carvalho","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group\u2014NIME, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Av. Moacir Paleta 1167, Governador Valadares 36036-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbass, M.M.S., Rady, D., El Moshy, S., Ahmed Radwan, I., Wadan, A.H.S., D\u00f6rfer, C.E., and El-Sayed, K.M.F. (2024). The Temporomandibular Joint and the Human Body: A New Perspective on Cross Talk. Dent. J., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj12110357"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23719","article-title":"Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy: Ultrasonographic Appearances and Sexual Dimorphism","volume":"34","author":"Thirunavukarasu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"310","article-title":"Temporomandibular Disorder in Adults: Retrospective Study","volume":"4","author":"Camacho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz. J. 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