{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T14:38:55Z","timestamp":1765377535573,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Chronic heart failure (HF) is a significant public health issue. The principal risk factors for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) include older age, female sex, obesity, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes, among others, all of which can reduce physical activity. Additionally, peripheral factors such as skeletal muscle mass (SMM) abnormalities decrease maximal oxygen consumption. In elderly HF patients, the prevalence of sarcopenia is higher than in those without HF; however, the relationship between sarcopenia and HF remains insufficiently explained, particularly in right HF (RHF). Our objective was to describe the echocardiographic alterations between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic subjects with RHF. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Outpatients aged 18 years or older with a confirmed diagnosis of RHF were included. Sarcopenia was defined according to EWGSOP2. Results: A total of 183 patients were included; 24.5% had sarcopenia. The mean age was 64.34 \u00b1 13.97 years. Echocardiographic characteristics revealed evidence of LVDD in sarcopenic subjects, as indicated by lower E wave velocity, E\/A ratio, and e\u2019 lateral and medial values, as well as lower right ventricular (RV) wall thickness compared with non-sarcopenic subjects. The multivariate model showed that sarcopenia subjects had lower RV wall thickness (B: \u22121.36 mm, 95% CI: \u22122.30 to \u22120.42), e\u2019 medial (B: \u22121 cm\/s, 95% CI: \u22121.99 to \u22120.02), and e\u2019 lateral (B: \u22121.78 cm\/s, 95% CI: \u22122.97 to \u22120.60). Conclusions: The prevalence of sarcopenia in RHF patients was 24.6%, which was associated with LVDD and lower RV wall thickness, suggesting a loss of cardiac muscle mass.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci13040313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T14:22:40Z","timestamp":1765376560000},"page":"313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Echocardiographic Alterations in Subjects with Sarcopenia and Right Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2305-141X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Orea-Tejeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis Aldo","family":"Delgado-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benigno","family":"Valderr\u00e1bano-Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3378-1769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dulce","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Islas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Monta\u00f1ez-Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos","family":"Ruan-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"Lozano-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Patricio","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"Garc\u00eda-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Service, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.02.055","article-title":"Determinants of exercise intolerance in elderly heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"58","author":"Haykowsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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