{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T10:54:14Z","timestamp":1767869654579,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"VetMed University in Vienna"},{"name":"University of Tuebingen","award":["Ai16-27-1 # 529049495; PoTuS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ai16-27-1 # 529049495; PoTuS"]}]},{"name":"University of Tuebingen","award":["Ai16-29-1 # 468616715; MyoRepair"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ai16-29-1 # 468616715; MyoRepair"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018405","name":"Adolf-Leuze-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018405","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"F\u00f6rderverein Urologie e.V."},{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of the University of T\u00fcbingen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a significant medical challenge affecting substantial parts of modern societies. Several studies suggested that cell therapy may alleviate the symptoms. However, in many cases, the overall efficacy was not satisfactory for the patient\u2019s needs. Moreover, in our recent preclinical studies, myoblasts isolated from M. semitendinosus failed to restore significant urethral sphincter function. We, therefore, investigated in our large animal SUI model whether myoblasts from other muscles yielded better sphincter recovery. Methods: Urethral sphincter deficiency was induced surgically in six female littermates and confirmed by measuring the urethral wall pressure. Three days after induction of sphincter deficiency in gilts, homologous myoblasts were injected into the sphincter complex. The urethral wall pressure and urine status were monitored weekly for a six-week follow-up. Results: Myoblasts isolated from M. extensor carpi radialis yielded a high expression of the myogenic markers desmin, CD56, ACTA1, MSTN, Myf6, and MyoD; were differentiation-competent; and formed myotubes in vitro. Such cells restored significant sphincter deficiency (2494 \u00b1 266 U; \u225992%; p &lt; 0.001; n = 6) and yielded a complete functional recovery from the induced sphincter deficiency (481 \u00b1 123 U, \u225918%) when compared to the starting levels of untreated healthy pigs (2683 \u00b1 764 U; \u2259100%). The experimental group showed significant recovery compared to the mock controls (p &lt; 0.045). Conclusions: The choice of myoblasts contributes to the clinical outcome in our large animal model of urinary incontinence. Myoblasts from M. extensor carpi radialis facilitated better sphincter recovery compared to myoblasts from M. semitendinosus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci14010027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T09:40:29Z","timestamp":1767692429000},"page":"27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improved Sphincter Muscle Regeneration by Myoblasts from M. extensor carpi radialis in a Large Animal Model of Urinary Incontinence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5532-4868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niklas","family":"Harland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Research, University of Tuebingen Hospital, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4716-4913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Centre for Population Medicine in Fish, Pig and Poultry, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4008-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meltem","family":"Avci-Adali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tuebingen Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5037-7269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Buzanich-Ladinig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Centre for Population Medicine in Fish, Pig and Poultry, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5182-8295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina M.","family":"Serna-Higuita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tuebingen Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnulf","family":"Stenzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Research, University of Tuebingen Hospital, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2210-6773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilhelm K.","family":"Aicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Research, University of Tuebingen Hospital, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tuebingen Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01712-y","article-title":"Urinary incontinence and quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Pizzol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Clin. 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