{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T05:04:24Z","timestamp":1780463064420,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by epidermal hyperproliferation and immune dysregulation. This study evaluated the topical efficacy of Echinacea leaf extract and allantoin compared to a corticosteroid (mometasone furoate) in an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like model in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Psoriasiform lesions were induced by daily application of 5% IMQ for six days, followed by six weeks of treatment with one of the following formulations: Echinacea cream or gel, allantoin cream or gel, and mometasone. Disease severity was assessed using a modified Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and histological analysis. Results: All groups developed psoriasis-like lesions; however, Echinacea cream produced the most pronounced and sustained reduction in PASI scores, with near-complete macroscopic recovery. Echinacea gel and allantoin cream showed moderate effects, while allantoin gel and mometasone exhibited limited efficacy. Histological findings supported these results, with Echinacea cream restoring near-normal epidermal architecture. Conclusions: In conclusion, topical Echinacea leaf extract formulations, particularly the cream formulation, demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing psoriasis-like skin inflammation and restoring epidermal structure compared to allantoin based treatments and mometasone. These findings suggest that Echinacea-derived bioactive compounds may represent promising candidates for the development of alternative or adjunctive therapies for inflammatory skin diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci14020283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T17:11:01Z","timestamp":1780333861000},"page":"283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Echinacea Leaf Extract and Allantoin Based Topical Formulations in an Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6563-5929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Burlou-Nagy","family":"(Fati)","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Universitatii Str. No 1, 410087 Oradea, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie No 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Pallag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Universitatii Str. No 1, 410087 Oradea, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie No 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5328-333X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Gra\u021biela","family":"Vica\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie No 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6672-1535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Octavia","family":"Gligor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie No 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00fcnde","family":"Horvath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie No 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Be\u00e1ta","family":"Lelesz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Csaba","family":"Heged\u0171s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6318-2716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imre","family":"Leiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9la","family":"Juh\u00e1sz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1208-366X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u017bynda, W., Ruczaj, A., and Galicka, A. 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