{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T09:27:49Z","timestamp":1786699669641,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med. Sci.","Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder associated with an amplified risk of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to compare clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes among GDM patients belonging to different ethnic groups. Patients and Methods: This retrospective analysis included n = 466 women with GDM (n = 167 Asian; n = 299 European). The impact of ethnicity on pregnancy outcomes was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for confounding factors. Results: Asians were younger than Europeans (p &lt; 0.001) and more frequently multiparous (p = 0.003). Fasting glucose at OGTT was higher in Asians, as well as HbA1c values at the end of pregnancy (p = 0.010 and p = 0.001, respectively). Asian ethnicity was associated with an increased likelihood of insulin therapy (OR = 3.36 [1.72\u20136.58] 95% CI, p &lt; 0.001), in the adjusted model. The gestational week of delivery was lower in Asians compared to Europeans (p = 0.007). The Asian group had a higher occurrence of cesarean section (p = 0.048) and emergency cesarean section (p = 0.006) compared to the European group. Delivery complications were more frequent in the Asian cohort, adjusting for confounders (OR = 2.19 [1.11\u20134.32] 95% CI, p = 0.023). Newborns of the Asian group were more frequently small for gestational age (SGA) in adjusted models (OR = 2.36 [1.08\u20135.15] 95% CI, p = 0.031). Conclusions: Worse GDM outcomes were observed in the Asian cohort compared to the European cohort. Identifying risk factors for GDM-related complications is crucial for developing tailored interventions and reducing the overall disease burden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci14040482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T08:08:29Z","timestamp":1786694909000},"page":"482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethnic Differences in Pregnancy Complications Among Women with Gestational Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5002-0753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiziana","family":"Filardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for the Promotion of Human Sciences and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9623-4511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Galoppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4182-9942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Gorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for the Promotion of Human Sciences and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilenia","family":"Mappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5525-4353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8156-9543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanna","family":"Morano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707943","article-title":"Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"358","author":"Group","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. 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