{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:09:56Z","timestamp":1792789796190,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006393","name":"Consejer\u00eda de Universidad, Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DGP_PIDI_2024_01347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGP_PIDI_2024_01347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006393","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["DGP_PIDI_2024_01347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGP_PIDI_2024_01347"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02nkg1w23","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med. Sci.","Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) typically experience feeding difficulties due to an abnormal communication between the oral and nasal cavities, and novel therapies such as palate tissue engineering and nasoalveolar molding (NAM) are in need to improve the final outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the parents and caregivers perceptions on the potential of NAM to improve feeding in patients with CLP. Methods: 42 infants with unilateral or bilateral CLP treated with NAM at a reference craniofacial unit were included in the study. Parents or caregivers completed a four-item questionnaire at 3 months of age, before cheiloplasty, evaluating the effects of NAM to improve nasal regurgitation, choking, air swallowing, and feeding time using a 4-point Likert scale. A total perceived feeding benefit score (range 4\u201316) was calculated. Results: Parents and caregivers perceived a positive effect of NAM to improve choking (3.67 \u00b1 0.53), nasal regurgitation (3.62 \u00b1 0.58), and feeding time (3.50 \u00b1 0.67), while air swallowing showed lower scores (3.19 \u00b1 0.55). The total perceived feeding benefit score was 13.98 \u00b1 1.57, indicating a high perceived benefit. No significant differences were found between males and females or between unilateral and bilateral clefts. Conclusions: Parents and caregivers consistently perceived a beneficial effect of NAM on patients\u2019 feeding. Although further research is required to determine the actual effectiveness of NAM, examining the perspectives reported by parents and caregivers could contribute to understand treatment experiences and guide family-centered care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci14050573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:58:59Z","timestamp":1789545539000},"page":"573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nasoalveolar Molding and Feeding in Infants with Cleft Lip and Palate: An Exploratory Study of Parents\u2019 and Caregivers\u2019 Perceived Experiences"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9995-0897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Espa\u00f1a-Guerrero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Liceras-Liceras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Espa\u00f1a-Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Adoraci\u00f3n","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Plaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Craniofacial Malformations and Cleft Lip and Palate Management Unit (Unidad de Fisurados Labiopalatinos y Malformaciones Craneofaciales), University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Division of Oral y Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5944-0578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Garz\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8087-4311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Valad\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Craniofacial Malformations and Cleft Lip and Palate Management Unit (Unidad de Fisurados Labiopalatinos y Malformaciones Craneofaciales), University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0034-9264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3030-3128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Espa\u00f1a-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Craniofacial Malformations and Cleft Lip and Palate Management Unit (Unidad de Fisurados Labiopalatinos y Malformaciones Craneofaciales), University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2024.02.004","article-title":"The Heterogeneous Genetic Architectures of Orofacial Clefts","volume":"40","author":"Robinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2021.05.008","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Cleft Palate, Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate and Lip: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and 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Patient Exp."}],"container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3271\/14\/5\/573\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:12:12Z","timestamp":1789704732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3271\/14\/5\/573"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["medsci14050573"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medsci14050573","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3271","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]}}}