{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:11:18Z","timestamp":1790871078557,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]],"date-time":"2014-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique subset of CD1d-restricted T lymphocytes that express characteristics of both T cells and natural killer cells. NKT cells mediate tumor immune-surveillance; however, NKT cells are numerically reduced and functionally impaired in lymphoma patients. Many hematologic malignancies express CD1d molecules and co-stimulatory proteins needed to induce anti-tumor immunity by NKT cells, yet most tumors are poorly immunogenic. In this study, we sought to investigate NKT cell responses to B cell lymphoma. In the presence of exogenous antigen, both mouse and human NKT cell lines produce cytokines following stimulation by B cell lymphoma lines. NKT cell populations were examined ex vivo in mouse models of spontaneous B cell lymphoma, and it was found that during early stages, NKT cell responses were enhanced in lymphoma-bearing animals compared to disease-free animals. In contrast, in lymphoma-bearing animals with splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, NKT cells were functionally impaired. In a mouse model of blastoid variant mantle cell lymphoma, treatment of tumor-bearing mice with a potent NKT cell agonist, \u03b1-galactosylceramide (\u03b1-GalCer), resulted in a significant decrease in disease pathology. Ex vivo studies demonstrated that NKT cells from \u03b1-GalCer treated mice produced IFN-\u03b3 following \u03b1-GalCer restimulation, unlike NKT cells from vehicle-control treated mice. These data demonstrate an important role for NKT cells in the immune response to an aggressive hematologic malignancy like mantle cell lymphoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci2020082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]],"date-time":"2014-04-14T12:54:41Z","timestamp":1397480081000},"page":"82-97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["NKT Cell Responses to B Cell Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Junxin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenji","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Subrahmanyam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carly","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenisha","family":"Younger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Tiper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Frieman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Kimball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonya","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0b013e3283562036","article-title":"Maintenance therapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"24","author":"Michallet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. 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