{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T21:48:03Z","timestamp":1779140883453,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]],"date-time":"2018-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM103646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103646"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA023074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA023074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1S10 RR028868-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S10 RR028868-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Invasive infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a commensal in the nasopharynx, pose significant risk to human health. Limited serotype coverage by the available polysaccharide-based conjugate vaccines coupled with increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance complicates therapeutic strategies. Bacterial physiology and metabolism that allows pathogens to adapt to the host are a promising avenue for the discovery of novel therapeutics. Intracellular polyamine concentrations are tightly regulated by biosynthesis, transport and degradation. We previously reported that deletion of cadA, a gene that encodes for lysine decarboxylase, an enzyme that catalyzes cadaverine synthesis results in an attenuated phenotype. Here, we report the impact of cadA deletion on pneumococcal capsule and protein expression. Our data show that genes for polyamine biosynthesis and transport are downregulated in \u2206cadA. Immunoblot assays show reduced capsule in \u2206cadA. Reduced capsule synthesis could be due to reduced transcription and availability of precursors for synthesis. The capsule is the predominant virulence factor in pneumococci and is critical for evading opsonophagocytosis and its loss in \u2206cadA could explain the reported attenuation in vivo. Results from this study show that capsule synthesis in pneumococci is regulated by polyamine metabolism, which can be targeted for developing novel therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci6010008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,22]],"date-time":"2018-01-22T04:51:13Z","timestamp":1516596673000},"page":"8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Role of Cadaverine Synthesis on Pneumococcal Capsule and Protein Expression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mary","family":"Nakamya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Ayoola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seongbin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Shack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Swiatlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bindu","family":"Nanduri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing &amp; Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.2005.25.9.1193","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae: Description of the pathogen, disease epidemiology, treatment, and prevention","volume":"25","author":"Margolis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.02.088","article-title":"Healthcare utilization and cost of pneumococcal disease in the United States","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weinberger, D.M., Trzcinski, K., Lu, Y.J., Bogaert, D., Brandes, A., Galagan, J., Anderson, P.W., Malley, R., and Lipsitch, M. 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