{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:02:29Z","timestamp":1760241749081,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mumps is a public health problem on a global scale caused by mumps virus, a member of family paramyxoviridae. An effective form of vaccination exists and is incorporated into routine immunization schedules in over 100 countries, usually in the form of the Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccine. This is not the case in India, as mumps is not viewed as a significant enough public health problem by the government to warrant such an intervention. This original research paper discusses about outbreaks of mumps in Kashmir, India and aims to add to the body of literature to support the routine immunization with the mumps vaccine. From July to September 2017, there were 15 outbreaks and 260 cases of mumps recorded in the region by the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP). We conclude that the Indian Government should include the MMR vaccination in the Universal Immunization Programme. This would result in clinical and economic benefits by reducing outbreaks and associated morbidity of mumps, in addition to tackling the recognized morbidity and mortality of rubella and measles. To support the global health security, there is a great need to strengthen surveillance, adhere to the World Health Organization\u2019s International Health Regulations (IHRs), and pay attention to emerging and re-emerging infectious agents, including paramyxovirus group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci6030062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T11:20:23Z","timestamp":1533640823000},"page":"62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Should Mumps Be Higher Up on the Public Health Agenda in India? A Concern for Global Health Security"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Syed Manzoor","family":"Kadri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Health Services, Kashmir 190001, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saleem-ur","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Health Services, Kashmir 190001, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kausar","family":"Rehana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Health Services, Kashmir 190001, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ailbhe Helen","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Research, 98 Temple Street, London E26QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9840-8335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay Kumar","family":"Chattu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2017, December 29). Universal Immunization Programme (UIP), National Health Portal of India, Available online: https:\/\/www.nhp.gov.in\/universal-immunisation-programme_pg."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2017, December 29). Signs & Symptoms of Mumps, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mumps\/about\/signs-symptoms.html."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2017, December 29). Mumps Vaccination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mumps\/vaccination.html."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2018, August 02). Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP). Available online: https:\/\/www.iapindia.org\/immunization-schedule-for-children-aged-0-through-18-years\/."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2018, July 30). IDSP: Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme. Available online: https:\/\/www.dhskashmir.org\/pdf\/IDSP%20Annual%20Report%202017.pdf."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2017, December 29). The Universal Immunization Programme in India, Centre for Public Impact. Available online: https:\/\/www.centreforpublicimpact.org\/case-study\/universal-immunization-program-india\/."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-015-0666-2","article-title":"IAP position paper on burden of mumps in India and vaccination strategies","volume":"52","author":"Vashishtha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2015.1021522","article-title":"Characteristics of a large mumps outbreak: Clinical severity, complications and association with vaccination status of mumps outbreak cases","volume":"11","author":"Zamir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.29484","article-title":"Outbreak of mumps in a school setting, United Kingdom, 2013","volume":"10","author":"Aasheim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.10.30156","article-title":"Waning immunity against mumps in vaccinated young adults, France 2013","volume":"21","author":"Vygen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017, December 29). WHO-Recommended Surveillance Standard of Mumps. Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/monitoring_surveillance\/burden\/vpd\/surveillance_type\/passive\/mumps_standards\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1086\/655395","article-title":"Mumps Control Today","volume":"202","author":"Quinlisk","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2015.1032489","article-title":"Seroprevalence of measles, mumps and rubella among young adults, after 20 years of universal 2-dose MMR vaccination in Israel","volume":"11","author":"Levine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.11.050","article-title":"Mumps in Poland since 1990 to 2003; epidemiology and antibody prevalence","volume":"23","author":"Bucholc","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017, December 29). Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals. Mumps. Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/diseases\/mumps\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"(2018, May 25). Rise in Mumps Outbreaks Prompts U.S. Panel to Endorse 3rd Vaccine Dose. The Washington Post. Available online: https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/to-your-health\/wp\/2017\/10\/25\/rise-in-mumps-outbreaks-prompts-u-s-panel-to-endorse-3rd-vaccine-dose\/?utm_term=.d94ae5b40249."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flahault, A., Wernli, D., Zylberman, P., and Tanner, M. (2016). From global health security to global health solidarity, security and sustainability. Bull. World Health Organ., 94.","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.16.171488"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_137_18","article-title":"Nipah virus epidemic in southern India and emphasizing \u201cOne Health\u201d approach to ensure global health security","volume":"7","author":"Chattu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care"}],"container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3271\/6\/3\/62\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:17:08Z","timestamp":1760195828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3271\/6\/3\/62"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["medsci6030062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medsci6030062","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3271"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-3271"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]}}}