{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T02:26:08Z","timestamp":1785464768803,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic rhinitis is defined as an inflammation of the nasal epithelium, and is characterized by the presence of two or more specific nasal symptoms including obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and\/or itching for at least 12 weeks. In childhood, this clinical entity is very common and carries a significant socioeconomic burden. The impact on the physical, social, and psychological well-being of family cannot be underestimated. Rhinitis is an umbrella term which includes different phenotypes of rhinitis with distinct underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. In most cases the diagnosis of rhinitis is rather straightforward; however, sometimes when based on clinical symptomatology, characterization may be challenging. Herein, we provide guidance for getting all the data needed for the differential diagnosis of rhinitis based on medical history and clinical examination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci7030038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T11:00:44Z","timestamp":1551178844000},"page":"38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Differentiating Rhinitis in the Paediatric Population by Giving Focus on Medical History and Clinical Examination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Doulaptsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Crete School of Medicine, GR-71003 Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriaki","family":"Aoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Shimane School of Medicine, Matsue 690-8504, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4161-2591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Kawauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Shimane School of Medicine, Matsue 690-8504, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasia","family":"Milioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Crete School of Medicine, GR-71003 Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Karatzanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Crete School of Medicine, GR-71003 Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Prokopakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Crete School of Medicine, GR-71003 Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.03.050","article-title":"Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines\u20142016 revision","volume":"140","author":"Bousquet","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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