{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T22:24:13Z","timestamp":1784067853851,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Malaysia under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence Scheme","award":["R.J090301.7846.4J193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R.J090301.7846.4J193"]}]},{"name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA under the BESTARI grant scheme","award":["600-IRMI\/DANA 5\/3\/BESTARI (P) (005\/2018)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["600-IRMI\/DANA 5\/3\/BESTARI (P) (005\/2018)"]}]},{"name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA under the LESTARI grant scheme","award":["600-RMI\/DANA 5\/3\/LESTARI (60\/2015)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["600-RMI\/DANA 5\/3\/LESTARI (60\/2015)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Membranes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in various water sources has potentially led to numerous adverse effects in human such as increased in blood pressure and derangement in liver function. Thus, a reliable treatment for the removing BPA is highly required. This present work aimed to study the efficiency of visible light driven photocatalytic dual-layer hollow fiber (DLHF) membrane for the removal of BPA from water and further investigated its detrimental effects by using an in-vivo model. The prepared membranes were characterized for their morphology, particles distribution, surface roughness, crystallinity and light absorption spectra. The removal of 81.6% and 86.7% in BPA concentration was achieved for N-doped TiO2 DLHF after 360 min of visible and UV light irradiation, respectively. No significant changes for all three groups were observed in liver function test meanwhile the rats-exposed to untreated BPA water shows significance blood pressure increment contrary to rats-exposed to treated BPA water. Similarly, the normal morphology in both jejunum and ileum were altered in rats-exposed to untreated BPA water group. Altogether, the presence of N-doped TiO2 in DLHF are shown to significantly enhance the photocatalytic degradation activity under visible irradiation, which effectively mitigates the effect of BPA in an in-vivo model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes10020032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T08:59:47Z","timestamp":1582275587000},"page":"32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Visible-Light Active Photocatalytic Dual Layer Hollow Fiber (DLHF) Membrane and Its Potential in Mitigating the Detrimental Effects of Bisphenol A in Water"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Roziana","family":"Kamaludin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7198-3150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zatilfarihiah","family":"Rasdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siti Hamimah Sheikh","family":"Abdul Kadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia"},{"name":"Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor Shafina","family":"Mohd Nor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia"},{"name":"Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesmine","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Nor I\u2019zzah","family":"Wan Mohamad Zain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Fauzi","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukhlis","family":"A Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juhana","family":"Jaafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2011.05.002","article-title":"Bisphenol A: An endocrine disruptor with widespread exposure and multiple effects","volume":"127","author":"Rubin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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