{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:40:01Z","timestamp":1790430001992,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRCPJ 499946-15 to Ismail Fliss"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRCPJ 499946-15 to Ismail Fliss"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NSERC strategic partnership grants for projects Program","award":["SD 210829409 to Laurent Bazinet"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SD 210829409 to Laurent Bazinet"]}]},{"name":"Future Investments program","award":["ANR-11- EQPX-0037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11- EQPX-0037"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Membranes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neokyotorphin (\u03b1137-141) is recognized as an antimicrobial peptide and a natural meat preservative. It is produced by conventional enzymatic hydrolysis of bovine hemoglobin, a major component of cruor, a by-product of slaughterhouses. However, during conventional hydrolysis, chemical agents are necessary to adjust and regulate the pH of the protein solution and the mineral salt content of the final hydrolysate is consequently high. To produce this peptide of interest without chemical agents and with a low salt concentration, electrodialysis with bipolar membrane (EDBM), an electromembrane process recognized as a green process, with two different membrane configurations (cationic (MCP) and anionic (AEM) membranes) was investigated. Hydrolysis in EDBM showed the same enzymatic mechanism, \u201cZipper\u201d, and allowed the generation of \u03b1137-141 in the same concentration as observed in conventional hydrolysis (control). EDBM-MCP allowed the production of hydrolysates containing a low concentration of mineral salts but with fouling formation on MCP, while EDBM-AEM allowed the production of hydrolysates without fouling but with a similar salt concentration than the control. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first time that EDBM was demonstrated as a feasible and innovative technology to produce peptide hydrolysates from enzymatic hydrolysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes10100257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T09:15:23Z","timestamp":1601025323000},"page":"257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Bovine Hemoglobin Enzymatic Hydrolysis by a New Ecoefficient Process\u2014Part I: Feasibility of Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membrane and Production of Neokyotorphin (\u03b1137-141)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mira","family":"Abou-Diab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Laboratory of Food Processing and Electromembrane Process (LTAPEM), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada"},{"name":"UMR Transfrontali\u00e8re BioEcoAgro N\u00b01158, Universit\u00e9 Lille, INRAE, Universit\u00e9 Li\u00e8ge, UPJV, YNCREA, Universit\u00e9 Artois, Universit\u00e9 Littoral C\u00f4te d\u2019Opale, ICV\u2014Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacinthe","family":"Thibodeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Laboratory of Food Processing and Electromembrane Process (LTAPEM), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0279-2449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Deracinois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR Transfrontali\u00e8re BioEcoAgro N\u00b01158, Universit\u00e9 Lille, INRAE, Universit\u00e9 Li\u00e8ge, UPJV, YNCREA, Universit\u00e9 Artois, Universit\u00e9 Littoral C\u00f4te d\u2019Opale, ICV\u2014Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2603-962X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Flahaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR Transfrontali\u00e8re BioEcoAgro N\u00b01158, Universit\u00e9 Lille, INRAE, Universit\u00e9 Li\u00e8ge, UPJV, YNCREA, Universit\u00e9 Artois, Universit\u00e9 Littoral C\u00f4te d\u2019Opale, ICV\u2014Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Fliss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7446-5391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"Dhulster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR Transfrontali\u00e8re BioEcoAgro N\u00b01158, Universit\u00e9 Lille, INRAE, Universit\u00e9 Li\u00e8ge, UPJV, YNCREA, Universit\u00e9 Artois, Universit\u00e9 Littoral C\u00f4te d\u2019Opale, ICV\u2014Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naima","family":"Nedjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR Transfrontali\u00e8re BioEcoAgro N\u00b01158, Universit\u00e9 Lille, INRAE, Universit\u00e9 Li\u00e8ge, UPJV, YNCREA, Universit\u00e9 Artois, Universit\u00e9 Littoral C\u00f4te d\u2019Opale, ICV\u2014Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6818-3558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Bazinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Laboratory of Food Processing and Electromembrane Process (LTAPEM), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Plasma protein antimicrobial substitution at negligible risk","volume":"54","author":"Gatnau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cah. 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