{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T14:15:08Z","timestamp":1793369708223,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Applied Research of Universities Grant 2021-2023, Deputy of Research and Development National Research and Innovation Agency, The Ministry of Research and Technology Republic of Indonesia","award":["000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["000"]}]},{"name":"Basic Research Grant 2021-2022 Deputy of Research and Development National Research and Innovation Agency, The Ministry of Research and Technology Republic of Indonesia.","award":["000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["000"]}]},{"name":"World Class Research Grant 2021-2023 Deputy of Research and Development National Research and Innovation Agency, The Ministry of Research and Technology Republic of Indonesia.","award":["000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Membranes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The physicochemical properties of organo-silica xerogels derived from organo catalyst were pervasively investigated, including the effect of one-step catalyst (citric acid) and two-step catalyst (acid-base), and also to observe the effect of sol pH of organo-silica xerogel toward the structure and deconvolution characteristic. The organo-silica xerogels were characterized by FTIR, TGA and nitrogen sorption to obtain the physicochemical properties. The silica sol\u2013gel method was applied to processed materials by employing TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) as the main precursor. The final molar ratio of organo-silica was 1:38:x:y:5 (TEOS:ethanol: citric acid: NH3:H2O) where x is citric acid concentration (0.1\u201310 \u00d7 10\u22122 M) and y is ammonia concentration (0 to 3 \u00d7 10\u22123 M). FTIR spectra shows that the one-step catalyst xerogel using citric acid was handing over the higher Si-O-Si concentration as well as Si-C bonding than the dual catalyst xerogels with the presence of a base catalyst. The results exhibited that the highest relative area ratio of silanol\/siloxane were 0.2972 and 0.1262 for organo catalyst loading at pH 6 and 6.5 of organo-silica sols, respectively. On the other hand, the organo-silica matrices in this work showed high surface area 546 m2 g\u22121 pH 6.5 (0.07 \u00d7 10\u22122 N citric acid) with pore size ~2.9 nm. It is concluded that the xerogels have mesoporous structures, which are effective for further application to separate NaCl in water desalination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes11080607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T08:57:14Z","timestamp":1628585834000},"page":"607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Physicochemical Properties of Mesoporous Organo-Silica Xerogels Fabricated through Organo Catalyst"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3984-4855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muthia","family":"Elma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat University, Jl. A. Yani KM 36, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia"},{"name":"Materials and Membranes Research Group (M2ReG), Lambung Mangkurat University, Jl. A. Yani KM 36, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Sumardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat University, Jl. A. Yani KM 36, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia"},{"name":"Materials and Membranes Research Group (M2ReG), Lambung Mangkurat University, Jl. A. Yani KM 36, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adhe","family":"Paramita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat University, Jl. A. Yani KM 36, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia"},{"name":"Materials and Membranes Research Group (M2ReG), Lambung Mangkurat University, Jl. A. Yani KM 36, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aulia","family":"Rahma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials and Membranes Research Group (M2ReG), Lambung Mangkurat University, Jl. A. Yani KM 36, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aptar Eka","family":"Lestari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat University, Jl. A. Yani KM 36, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia"},{"name":"Materials and Membranes Research Group (M2ReG), Lambung Mangkurat University, Jl. A. Yani KM 36, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6833-3325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dede Heri Yuli","family":"Yanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Bogor Km.46, Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sutarto","family":"Hadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematics Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin 70123, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaini Lambri","family":"Assyaifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat University, Jl. A. Yani KM 36, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia"},{"name":"Materials and Membranes Research Group (M2ReG), Lambung Mangkurat University, Jl. A. Yani KM 36, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Sunardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University, Jl. A. Yani KM 36, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanuardi","family":"Raharjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Membrane Science and Technology Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1039\/C5MH00260E","article-title":"The evolution of \u2018sol\u2013gel\u2019 chemistry as a technique for materials synthesis","volume":"3","author":"Danks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. 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