{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:48:20Z","timestamp":1791499700364,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Energy Technology Laboratory DOE and ORISE","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Membranes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Triple ionic-electronic conductors have received much attention as electrode materials. In this work, the bulk characteristics of oxygen diffusion and surface exchange were determined for the triple-conducting BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.2\u2212XYXO3\u2212\u03b4 suite of samples. Y substitution increased the overall size of the lattice due to dopant ionic radius and the concomitant formation of oxygen vacancies. Oxygen permeation measurements exhibited a three-fold decrease in oxygen permeation flux with increasing Y substitution. The DC total conductivity exhibited a similar decrease with increasing Y substitution. These relatively small changes are coupled with an order of magnitude increase in surface exchange rates from Zr-doped to Y-doped samples as observed by conductivity relaxation experiments. The results indicate that Y-doping inhibits bulk O2\u2212 conduction while improving the oxygen reduction surface reaction, suggesting better electrode performance for proton-conducting systems with greater Y substitution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes11100766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T21:37:29Z","timestamp":1633901849000},"page":"766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Surface and Bulk Oxygen Kinetics of BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.2\u2212XYXO3\u2212\u03b4 Triple Conducting Electrode Materials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1102-9020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack","family":"Duffy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA"},{"name":"National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Abernathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2219-1253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle","family":"Brinkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA"},{"name":"National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab3987","article-title":"Readily processed protonic ceramic fuel cells with high performance at low temperatures","volume":"349","author":"Duan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2013.12.030","article-title":"Cobalt-free niobium-doped barium ferrite as potential materials of dense ceramic membranes for oxygen separation","volume":"455","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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