{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:38:22Z","timestamp":1789760302577,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SU-15-R-EMR-06\u20131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SU-15-R-EMR-06\u20131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Membranes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The hemodialysis technique, used worldwide for patients with chronic kidney disease, is considered as a treatment with a high economic and ecological impact, especially for water consumption. Getting ultrapure water for the preparation of the dialysate to clean patient\u2019s blood from toxins leads to high volumes of salt-enriched water that directly goes to sewage. The aim of this work is to propose operating conditions for electrodialysis to allow the reuse of reverse osmosis (RO) rejects. We first performed a parametric study to evaluate the influence of different parameters, such as flow rates, initial concentration, and applied voltage on the demineralization rate (DR) and specific energy consumption (SPC) with a NaCl model solution. The optimal conditions for desalination (i.e., a potential of 12 V, and flow rate of 20 L\u00b7h\u22121) were then successfully applied to real samples collected from a dialysis center with total dissolved salts concentration of about 1.4 g\/L (conductivity of 2.0 mS\u00b7cm\u22121). We demonstrated that the choice of adequate conductivity targets allowed meeting the physico-chemical requirements to obtain water re-usable for either rehabilitation swimming pool, manual or machine washing of instruments before sterilization or irrigation. Saving this water could contribute in the reduction of the environmental impact of hemodialysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes12010045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T08:12:15Z","timestamp":1640765535000},"page":"45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Electrodialysis Can Lower the Environmental Impact of Hemodialysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abarkan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics & Bioengineering Laboratory, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Technologie de Compi\u00e8gne, 60203 Compiegne, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences (ERESS), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7804-0438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nabil","family":"Grimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transformations Int\u00e9gr\u00e9es de la Mati\u00e8re Renouvelable (TIMR), Universit\u00e9 de Technologie de Compi\u00e8gne, ESCOM, 60203 Compiegne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"M\u00e9tayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hemodialysis Service, Polyclinique Saint-C\u00f4me, 7 Rue Jean-Jacques Bernard, 60204 Compiegne, France"},{"name":"La Dialoise Self-Dialysis Center, 5 Rue Jean-Jacques Bernard, 60200 Compiegne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7388-288X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarik","family":"Sqalli Houssa\u00efni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences (ERESS), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez 30050, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8061-906X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Legallais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics & Bioengineering Laboratory, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Technologie de Compi\u00e8gne, 60203 Compiegne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suzuki, H. 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