{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:30:40Z","timestamp":1790829040719,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Membranes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Kidney failure is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Hemodialysis, the most prevalent modality of renal replacement therapy, uses the principle of semipermeable membranes to remove solutes and water in the plasma of patients with kidney failure. With the evolution of hemodialysis technology over the last half century, the clearance of small water-soluble molecules in such patients is adequate. However, middle molecules uremic toxins are still retained in the plasma and cause cardiovascular events, anemia, and malnutrition, which significantly contribute to poor quality of life and high mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients. A new class of membrane, defined as a medium cut-off (MCO) membrane, has emerged in recent years. Expanded hemodialysis with MCO membranes is now recognized as the artificial kidney model closest to natural kidney physiology. This review summarizes the unique morphological characteristics and internal filtration\u2013backfiltration mechanism of MCO membranes, and describes their effects on removing uremic toxins, alleviating inflammation and cardiovascular risk, and improving quality of life in maintenance hemodialysis patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes12030253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T22:54:02Z","timestamp":1645656842000},"page":"253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Effects of Expanded Hemodialysis with Medium Cut-Off Membranes on Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zhuyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tinghang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7364-3731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yupei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiameng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinbo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liya","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luojia","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2187-8168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baihai","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Med+ Biomaterial Institute of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"The First People\u2019s Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.02.010","article-title":"Nomenclature for kidney function and disease: Report of a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Consensus Conference","volume":"97","author":"Levey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration (2020). 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