{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T22:10:49Z","timestamp":1773094249817,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Membranes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The peritoneal equilibration test (PET) is a semi-quantitative measurement that characterizes the rate of transfer of solutes and the water transfer rate across the peritoneum in patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD). The results of the PET are used to maximize daily peritoneal ultrafiltration and solute clearances. Previous studies have shown that high transport status is associated with ultrafiltration failure, malnutrition, and reduced survival; however, the way in which peritoneum transport characteristics affect peritonitis risk is unknown. In the current cohort study, we recruited 898 incident-PD patients and used intention-to-treat analysis to test if baseline PET affected the subsequent 3-year peritonitis rate. Among all recruited PD patients, 308 (34.2%) developed peritonitis within three years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the high-transport group has the greatest peritonitis risk (HR 1.98, 95% CI: 1.08\u20133.62) even after an adjustment for demographics, comorbid diseases, and biochemical measurements. We concluded that a baseline high peritoneal membrane transport rate is an independent risk factor for peritonitis in incident PD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes12030276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T20:11:14Z","timestamp":1646079074000},"page":"276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Baseline Peritoneal Membrane Transport Characteristics Are Associated with Peritonitis Risk in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yi-Hsin","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yung-Tai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinn-Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9017-2081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Der-Cherng","family":"Tarng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Ching","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3639-8212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szu-Yuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"786","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease","volume":"309","author":"Rhee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17789-7","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease: The global challenge","volume":"365","author":"Bello","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"395","author":"Duncan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajkd.2003.08.036","article-title":"Peritoneal dialysis","volume":"42","author":"Teitelbaum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080902902S11","article-title":"Clinical advantages of peritoneal dialysis","volume":"29","author":"Tokgoz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2100152","article-title":"Peritoneal Dialysis","volume":"385","author":"Teitelbaum","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1177\/089686088700700306","article-title":"Peritoneal equilibration test","volume":"7","author":"Karl","year":"1987","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1995.363","article-title":"The standard peritoneal permeability analysis: A tool for the assessment of peritoneal permeability characteristics in CAPD patients","volume":"48","author":"Pannekeet","year":"1995","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M892","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-199407000-00125","article-title":"Reproducibility of the peritoneal equilibration test in CAPD patients","volume":"40","author":"Trivedi","year":"1994","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080102100222","article-title":"Monitoring of long-term peritoneal membrane function","volume":"21","author":"Davies","year":"2001","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011121135","article-title":"Recent peritonitis associates with mortality among patients treated with peritoneal dialysis","volume":"23","author":"Boudville","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.12321216","article-title":"Multicenter registry analysis of center characteristics associated with technique failure in patients on incident peritoneal dialysis","volume":"12","author":"Htay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080402400408","article-title":"Obesity is a risk factor for peritonitis in the Australian and New Zealand peritoneal dialysis patient populations","volume":"24","author":"McDonald","year":"2004","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00910209","article-title":"Predictors of peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis: Results of a large, prospective Canadian database","volume":"4","author":"Nessim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2012.00243","article-title":"Increased risk of fatal infections in women starting peritoneal dialysis","volume":"33","author":"Ros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080502500311","article-title":"Peritonitis-related mortality in patients undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis","volume":"25","author":"Rosales","year":"2005","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2010.00131","article-title":"Microbiology and outcomes of peritonitis in Australian peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"31","author":"Ghali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.02.025","article-title":"Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis: Towards improving evidence, practices, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483250","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/483250","article-title":"Risk factors associated with peritoneal-dialysis-related peritonitis","volume":"2012","author":"Kerschbaum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080502500413","article-title":"A risk analysis of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis","volume":"25","author":"Chow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2016.00078","article-title":"ISPD Peritonitis Recommendations: 2016 Update on Prevention and Treatment","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"238","article-title":"Evaluation of peritoneal membrane integrity","volume":"10","author":"Krediet","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.250","article-title":"Water transport across the peritoneal membrane","volume":"85","author":"Devuyst","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V132470","article-title":"Morphologic changes in the peritoneal membrane of patients with renal disease","volume":"13","author":"Williams","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027318","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in peritoneal kinetics: The effects of peritoneal dialysis and peritonitis","volume":"11","author":"Davies","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V971285","article-title":"Increased peritoneal membrane transport is associated with decreased patient and technique survival for continuous peritoneal dialysis patients. The Canada-USA (CANUSA) Peritoneal Dialysis Study Group","volume":"9","author":"Churchill","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03470315","article-title":"Peritoneal equilibration test and patient outcomes","volume":"10","author":"Mehrotra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.13063","article-title":"Membrane transport status does not predict peritonitis risk in patients on peritoneal dialysis","volume":"23","author":"So","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nephrology"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2015.00203","article-title":"Risk factors for early-onset peritonitis in Southern Chinese peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1177\/089686089601600405","article-title":"Nasal carriage and peritonitis by Staphylococcus aureus in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: A prospective study","volume":"16","author":"Wanten","year":"1996","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S127","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001929","article-title":"Patient re-training in peritoneal dialysis: Why and when it is needed","volume":"70","author":"Russo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03981206","article-title":"Influence of peritoneal dialysis training nurses\u2019 experience on peritonitis rates","volume":"2","author":"Chow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080102100412","article-title":"Pediatric peritoneal dialysis training: Characteristics and impact on peritonitis rates","volume":"21","author":"Holloway","year":"2001","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp767","article-title":"Impact of systemic and local peritoneal inflammation on peritoneal solute transport rate in new peritoneal dialysis patients: A 1-year prospective study","volume":"25","author":"Cho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, Y., Johnson, D.W., Vesey, D.A., Hawley, C.M., Pascoe, E.M., Clarke, M., and Topley, N. (2014). Dialysate interleukin-6 predicts increasing peritoneal solute transport rate in incident peritoneal dialysis patients. BMC Nephrol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-15-8"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/089686089901900104","article-title":"Does a high peritoneal transport rate reflect a state of chronic inflammation?","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00105","article-title":"Peritoneal protein clearance is a function of local inflammation and membrane area whereas systemic inflammation and comorbidity predict survival of incident peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq702","article-title":"Peritoneal macrophage infiltration is correlated with baseline peritoneal solute transport rate in peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"26","author":"Sawai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/17.8.1480","article-title":"Plasma and dialysate IL-6 and VEGF concentrations are associated with high peritoneal solute transport rate","volume":"17","author":"Lindholm","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2018.00138","article-title":"Peritoneal protein loss, leakage or clearance in peritoneal dialysis, where do we stand?","volume":"39","author":"Guedes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-018-1677-9","article-title":"Peritoneal protein clearance predicts mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"23","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"244","article-title":"The relationship between dialysate protein loss and membrane transport status in peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"17","author":"Cooper","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv. Perit. Dial."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"227","article-title":"Predictive factors for coronary artery disease among peritoneal dialysis patients without diabetic nephropathy","volume":"7","author":"Andronesi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Maedica"}],"container-title":["Membranes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0375\/12\/3\/276\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:29:09Z","timestamp":1760135349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0375\/12\/3\/276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["membranes12030276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/membranes12030276","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0375","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]}}}