{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T17:07:56Z","timestamp":1785344876255,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["No. P30 GM103450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. P30 GM103450"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["No. OIA-1457888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. OIA-1457888"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["ASSET III"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASSET III"]}]},{"name":"Center for Advanced Surface Engineering","award":["No. P30 GM103450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. P30 GM103450"]}]},{"name":"Center for Advanced Surface Engineering","award":["No. OIA-1457888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. OIA-1457888"]}]},{"name":"Center for Advanced Surface Engineering","award":["ASSET III"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASSET III"]}]},{"name":"Arkansas EPSCoR Program","award":["No. P30 GM103450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. P30 GM103450"]}]},{"name":"Arkansas EPSCoR Program","award":["No. OIA-1457888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. OIA-1457888"]}]},{"name":"Arkansas EPSCoR Program","award":["ASSET III"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASSET III"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Membranes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polymeric membrane fouling is a long-standing challenge for water filtration. Metal\/metal oxide nanoparticle functionalization of the membrane surface can impart anti-fouling properties through the reactivity of the metal species and the generation of radical species. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are effective at reducing organic fouling when used in conjunction with hydrogen peroxide, but leaching of copper ions from the membrane has been observed, which can hinder the longevity of the CuO NP activity at the membrane surface. Zwitterions can reduce organic fouling and stabilize NP attachment, suggesting a potential opportunity to combine the two functionalizations. Here, we coated polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes with polydopamine (PDA) and attached the zwitterionic compound, thiolated 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC-SH), and CuO NPs. Functionalized membranes resulted in a higher flux recovery ratio (0.694) than the unfunctionalized PES control (0.599). Copper retention was high (&gt;96%) for functionalized membranes. The results indicate that CuO NPs and MPC-SH can reduce organic fouling with only limited copper leaching.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes12050544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T03:16:55Z","timestamp":1653362215000},"page":"544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Ultrafiltration Membranes Functionalized with Copper Oxide and Zwitterions for Fouling Resistance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Cannon","family":"Hackett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0191-1036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Abolhassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren F.","family":"Greenlee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5335-3924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audie K.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2011.01.051","article-title":"Membrane fouling control in ultrafiltration technology for drinking water production: A review","volume":"272","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ursino, C., Castro-Munoz, R., Drioli, E., Gzara, L., Albeirutty, M.H., and Figoli, A. (2018). Progress of Nanocomposite Membranes for Water Treatment. 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