{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:42:17Z","timestamp":1787236937647,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","award":["MOST 109-2221-E-182-024-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2221-E-182-024-MY3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Membranes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary recovery of surfactin from precipitation-pretreated fermentation broths of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332 culture by one-stage dead-end and cross-flow ultrafiltration (UF) was studied. Dead-end experiments were first performed to select suitable conditions, including the amount of added ethanol\u2014a micelle-destabilizing solvent (0\u201370 vol%), type (polyethersulfone, polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinylidene fluoride)) and molecular-weight cut-off (MWCO, 30\u2013100 kDa) of the membrane in the surfactin concentration range of 0.25\u20131.23 g\/L. Then, the cross-flow UF experiments were conducted to check the recovery performance in the ranges of feed surfactin concentration of 1.13\u20132.67 g\/L, flow velocity of 0.025\u20130.05 m\/s, and transmembrane pressure of 40\u2013100 kPa. The Hermia model was also used to clarify membrane fouling mechanisms. Finally, three cleaning agents and two in situ cleaning ways (flush and back-flush) were selected to regain the permeate flux. As for the primary recovery of surfactin from the permeate in cross-flow UF, a polyethersulfone membrane with 100-kDa MWCO was suggested, and the NaOH solution at pH 11 was used for membrane flushing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes12111057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T09:01:42Z","timestamp":1667120502000},"page":"1057","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Fouling Analysis in One-Stage Ultrafiltration of Precipitation-Treated Bacillus subtilis Fermentation Liquors for Biosurfactant Recovery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8110-1548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mai Lien","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Science, Engineering and Management, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Shr","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6373-9668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruey-Shin","family":"Juang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.10.036","article-title":"Production, characterization and biotechnological potential of lipopeptide biosurfactants from a novel marine Bacillus stratosphericus strain FLU5","volume":"167","author":"Hentati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. 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