{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:40:08Z","timestamp":1790739608033,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":167,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007446","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGP 2\/218\/43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP 2\/218\/43"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jamia Hamdard University","award":["RGP 2\/218\/43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP 2\/218\/43"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Membranes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the past few years, pharmaceutical and biomedical areas have made the most astounding accomplishments in the field of medicine, diagnostics and drug delivery. Nanotechnology-based tools have played a major role in this. The implementation of this multifaceted nanotechnology concept encourages the advancement of innovative strategies and materials for improving patient compliance. The plausible usage of nanotechnology in drug delivery prompts an extension of lipid-based nanocarriers with a special reference to barriers such as the skin and blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) that have been discussed in the given manuscript. The limited permeability of these two intriguing biological barriers restricts the penetration of active moieties through the skin and brain, resulting in futile outcomes in several related ailments. Lipid-based nanocarriers provide a possible solution to this problem by facilitating the penetration of drugs across these obstacles, which leads to improvements in their effectiveness. A special emphasis in this review is placed on the composition, mechanism of penetration and recent applications of these carriers. It also includes recent research and the latest findings in the form of patents and clinical trials in this field. The presented data demonstrate the capability of these carriers as potential drug delivery systems across the skin (referred to as topical, dermal and transdermal delivery) as well as to the brain, which can be exploited further for the development of safe and efficacious products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes13030343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T02:59:26Z","timestamp":1679021966000},"page":"343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Potential of Lipid-Based Nanocarriers against Two Major Barriers to Drug Delivery\u2014Skin and Blood\u2013Brain Barrier"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Sameer","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2124-8537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sradhanjali","family":"Mohapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaibhav","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahsan","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9692-6323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Punnoth Poonkuzhi","family":"Naseef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Moulana College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna, Kerala 679321, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3341-0914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Saheer","family":"Kurunian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulkhaliq Ali F.","family":"Alshadidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Shamsher","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5780-7601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd. Aamir","family":"Mirza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeenat","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.08.032","article-title":"Micro-scale devices for transdermal drug delivery","volume":"364","author":"Arora","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. 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